Hyperkalemia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbance disease. The impact on electrophysiology of the cell membrane when acute hyperkalemia may lead to cardiac arrhythmia, and it also increases the mortality of inpatients. In the light of this, correct concept and management of hyperkalemia will provide a safer care and better quality of life. This review gives a brief discussion about pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and treatment of hyperkalemia.