並列摘要
Hemodialysis (HD) patients carry a large burden of cardiovascular disease; most serious is the high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Vascular calcifications and left ventricular hypertrophy may play a role in the pathophysiology of SCD. Besides ventricular tachyarrhythmias, non-ventricular arrhythmia including bradycardia, asystole and pulseless electrical activity are even more common associated with SCD in HD patients. Arrhythmic triggers also differ in HD patients, with some arising uniquely from the HD procedure. These differences have important implications of prevention and treatment for SCD. These strategies include using specific cardiac medications or implantable defibrillators, minimizing exposure to low potassium and calcium dialysate concentrations, extending dialysis treatment times or adding sessions to avoid rapid ultrafiltration, and lowering dialysate temperature.