The vascular access used for hemodialysis (HD) is the lifeline for dialysis patients, and proper care of the vascular access can provide optimal HD quality. Good vascular access puncture technology not only determines the lifespan of vascular access but also improves the quality of dialysis, further affecting the dialysis patients' positive feelings and willingness to participate in therapy. Appropriate puncture techniques require careful consideration of patient characteristics, fistula patency, needle options, and the executor of needle puncture. Besides, a professional dialysis care provider should continue to improve puncture techniques, receive continuing education, and closely monitor for signs of infection of the puncture wounds.