民主與民主公民教育

Democracy and Democratic Education for Citizenship

張秀雄(Hsiu-Hsiung Chang)

《公民訓育學報》 16期 (2004/06) Pp. 113-138

https://doi.org/10.6231/CME.2005(16)06

摘要

在最近二十年中，台灣社會歷經解除戒嚴、國會改革、總統直選、政黨輪替等劇烈變革，帶動了民主氣氛的高漲，民主的發展出現了無限的生機，值得慶幸；但從各方面觀察，亦發現諸多今人憂心的社會現象，尤其是民眾的公民意識嚴重不足，如果任令發展將會影響台灣民主的向上提升。蓋因人民的民主素養並非與生俱來的，亦非可以一蹴可及的，必須透過學校教育及早培育。何況台灣社會正經歷有史以來最為關鍵的民主轉型期，民主公民素質的培育實乃教育的當務之急。
本文指出，實施民主公民教育必須讓學生瞭解民主的核心概念，並掌握民主公民教育的四項內涵，依此設計課程內容，進而教導學生學習作為一個民主社會成員所應具備的各種認知、技能、態度、與價值觀。此外，本文亦分析了，近年來各國所發展出的重要的民主公民教育方案或計畫，其內容與實施方式可以作為吾人規劃本土性的民主公民教育的參考。

關鍵字

民主 ； 民主教育 ； 民主公民教育

並列摘要

Taiwan society has being experienced dramatically political and social change in recent twenty years. It resulted in fast development of democratic atmosphere and indicated unlimited opportunity and vitality of democratic development. But if we examined from the different angles, we would find many kinds of trouble and anxiety social phenomenon existing in the society, especially the people's weak sense of civism. The upgrade of democracy in Taiwan society will be blocked probably, if we ignore the above situations. As a matter of fact that the public's democratic citizenship would neither naturally develop nor came over night, it must be nurtured from all sort of educational settings.
This article indicated that Democratic Education for Citizenship need to teach the student to understand the core ideas of democracy, therefore the content of curriculum might design according the four components of citizenship education present by John Patrick. It is important for civic educators to know that education for democratic citizenship must teach the student to learn civic knowledge, competence, attitudes, and values as a member of the democratic society. Further, this author also analyzes the newly developed major projects for democratic citizenship in the world. They may serve as frameworks for developing a local project for democratic education for citizenship.

並列關鍵字

Democracy ； Education for democracy ； Education for Democratic Citizenship

參考文獻

張秀雄、李琪明、劉國強、謝均才主編(2004)。變革中的兩岸德育與公民教育。香港:香港中文大學出版社。

黃國峰、張秀雄主編(2004)。新世紀公民教育的發展與挑戰。台北:師大書苑。

Berlin, Isaiah(1991).Four Essay on Liberty.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.

Branson, S. Margaret,John Patrick,Robert Leming (eds.)(2001).Principles and Practices of Democracy in the Education of Social Studies Teachers.Bloomington, IN:The ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Sciences Education.

Carr, Wilfred,Hartnett, Anthony(1996).Education and the Struggle for Democracy.Buckingham, Philadelphia:Open University Press.