中小企業國際化策略類型及影響因素之研究

A Case Study of Taiwan's Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Globalization Strategy Types and Affecting Factors

蔡渭水(Wei Suei Tsai) ； 鐘聖偉(Sheng Wei Chung)

《中原學報》 25卷2期 (1997/05) Pp. 11-20

https://doi.org/10.6358/JCYU.199705.0011

摘要

本文是由行為面的角度來分析影響中小企業國際化策略之因素。中小企業受到組織特質、產業特質與環境因素的影響，使其企業的活動大多以成本為主要的考慮因素，而其國際化策略選擇亦不例外。由組織特質的觀點來看，中小企業由於具有彈性生產之競爭基礎、規模小、較缺乏正式規劃系統、中階幹部不足及企業主跨功能主導企業活動的組織特質，中小企業一般較難以控制程度做為其國際化策略的評估標準；另由產業特質的觀點來看，中小企業大多在進入障礙低、技術層次低、製程可多段分割、產業網路依賴性高及不具規模經濟的產業中生存，使得成本的降低是其企業存活的要素；總體環境的變化亦會影響中小企業國際化策略的選擇。在中小企業組織特質、產業特質及環境因素的共同影響下，中小企業國際化策略的投資目的、進入模式選擇與合作聯盟的活動有所差異。因而依其控制程度、風險程度、及成本因素綜合考量，提出以下三種主要的進入策略類型：1.資源取用型，2.加工出口型， 3.內銷市場型。

關鍵字

國際化 ； 中小企業

並列摘要

This study tries to summarize the factors that affect small and medium-sizedenterprises’ (SME) globalization strategy types. Limited by its environment, organizational and industry’s characteristics, SME takes cost as a major decision criterion. So is its decision on globalization strategies. The characteristics of SME organization include competitive capability based on manufacturing flexibility, smell scale and lack of formal planning and control system make SME unable to do thorough evaluation in globalization decision. Further more the industry factors such as low entry barrier, low technique level, multiple divised manufacturing process, highly dependence on industry’s network and insignificant economic scale also make the cost as a critical factor for the SME’s surviving. Environmental changes as the willing to work, increasing costs etc. force the SME to find other alternatives to cut down its cost. Owing to the factors list above, the globalization strategies are different between SME and large enterprises. Taking the degree of control, the risk and cost factors into consideration, this study proposes three major globalization strategy types for SME: I .Resources Acquisition Strategy, 2. Import, Processing and Re-export Strategy, 3. Local Market Acquisition Strategy.

並列關鍵字

Globalization ； SME