- 期刊
海德格“基本存有學”與哲學詮釋學之緣起：《存有與時間》思路對高達美哲思啟始之效應歷史
Heidegger's Fundamental-Ontology and the Genesis of Philosophical Hermeneutics: The Thinking-Way of Being and Time and it's Effective-History on Gadamer's Beginning of Philosophizing
摘要
海德格哲思對高達美詮釋學性的哲思生成發展之影響誠無庸置疑。然而，海德格本身哲思亦有其生成發展亦即，其哲思啟始及其前期《存有與時間》(Sein und Zeit)之基本存有學，其哲思之「轉向」(die Kehre)以及其「轉向」後時期。問題在於，在《真理與方法》(Wahrheit und Methode)一書之哲學詮釋學生成中，到底海德格哲思發展那一部分具關鍵性的效應？在此問題視域下所呈顯的課題脈絡乃在於，高達美詮釋學哲思生成與海德格哲思本身發展的互相關聯與差異。而在此主題意識下，本文主在探討《存有與時間》之基本思路與此思路本身所蘊含「轉向」之傾向對高達美詮釋學哲思生成之影響，以及後者對「基本存有學」(Fundamentalontologie)之詮釋學性的轉化與批判性的攝納，以及此與「轉向」之傾向底關聯。基此題旨，本文首先依海式哲思基源問題一存有問題一來綜觀《存有與時間》之基本構思，亦即「此有」之為「在世存有」底基本構思，以及其基此所發展的方法，詮釋學性的現象學之為思路。其次，將依「基本存有學」之思路綜觀此著作，如是將發現關於此有之解析中的兩條進路以及期間之張力，亦即此有之為在世存有之詮釋學性的現象學解析與此有之為具體性的主體之基本存有學式解析，盼得以褐示海德格為何只完成此構思第一部分之前半部而中途邁向「轉向」之線索。然後本文將由以上對海德格《存有與時問》之整體思路理解其對高達美哲思之啟發以及高達美對其之轉化，亦即在基源問題上由存有問題至真理問題，在思想透觀上由此有之為在世存有及其時間性至效應歷史意識及其歷史性，以及在哲思進路上由詮釋學性的現象學至哲學詮釋學。最後在本文整體脈絡中綜理出兩者哲思生成發展中之動態同異處。
並列摘要
There is little doubt about the influence of Heidegger's thinking on the genesis of Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophizing. But Heidegger's philosophizing itself has its own genesis and development, i.e. its Beginning, the ”fundamental-ontology” in Being and Time from early Heidegger, its ”Turn” and late Heidegger. The problem is, which part of the development of Heidegger's thinking has its key effect on the genesis of philosophical hermeneutics in Truth and Method? The thematic context in the horizon of this question is: how is the genesis of Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophizing and the development of Heidegger's thinking relate to each other and differentiate from each other. Under this thematic consciousness, this essay attempts to search into the basic argument of Being and Time and the implied tendency of the ”Turn” in such line of thought, and consequently to research Gadamer's hermeneutic transformation and critical adoption of fundamental-ontology and its relation with the tendency of the ”Turn”. Therefore, this essay firstly tries to review, according to the question of Being as the original question of Heidegger's thought, the basic conception of Being and Time, i.e. of the Dasein as In-der-Welt-sein, the method for it, and the hermeneutic phenomenology as the line of thought. Based on this first point, this essay would secondly examines this work and outline the two approaches and their tension in the analysis of Dasein, that is, the hermeneutic-phenomenological analysis of Dasein as In-der-Welt-sein, and the fundamental-ontological analysis of Dasein as concrete subjectivity, in order to find out: why Heidegger only finished the first part of the conception of this work and went halfway to the ”Turn”? Thirdly, this essay also provide understanding to the inspiration of the holistic thinking-way of Being and Time on Gadamer's philosophizing and to Gadamer's own transformation of it, i.e. concerning the original question, from question of Being to question of truth, with regards to the perspective of thinking, from Dasein as In-der-Welt-sein and its temporality to effective-historical consciousness and its historicality, and with regard to the line of thought from hermeneutic phenomenology to philosophical hermeneutics. Finally from the whole thematic context of this essay, the present paper seeks to outline the dynamic differentiation of Gadamer's philosophizing from Heidegger's thinking in this period of their philosophical development and under this aspect the original elements of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.