自然與自由：康德“《純粹理性批判》”第三背反之文本系統內在性詮釋

Nature and Freedom: A Text-and System-immanent Interpretation of the Third Antinomy of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason

陸敬忠(Jing-Jong Luh)

《中原學報》 33卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 645-665

https://doi.org/10.6358/JCYU.200512.0645

摘要

The third Antinomy of the cosmological ideas in the ”transcendental dialectic” in Critique of Pure Reason-the contrast between nature and freedom-is not only the key of the critical turn of Kant's philosophizing, but also the centre of the development of his critical thinking. This essay tries to offer a text-and system-immanent Interpretation of the text from this theme. Firstly it shall introduce the conceptual context of the theme about antinomies, i.e. the genesis of the problematic of philosophical-cosmological antinomies, and the basic logical structure of the antinomy of nature and freedom on this context, i.e. the presentation of it in the square of Opposition. Then it shall come to the thesis and antithesis, their argumentations and their results, that is to say, the justification of their assertion through indirect proof (apagogischer Beweis). The argument of thesis justifies the possibility of thinking of freedom, so that Kant conceptualizes his idea of transcendental freedom. The argument of antithesis tries to falsify the possibility of freedom and therefore to ground the determinism of nature causality. And then Kant applies his transcendental idealism, especially the difference of Phenomena and Thing in itself as his dissolution-concept for the antinomy of nature and freedom. This essay would take a brief view about the core-meaning of the transcendental idealism and analyze how the distinction between appearances and things in themselves dissolves the antinomy between nature and freedom in this context. Finally it shall open the horizon of the development of this dissolution and Kant's idea of freedom in his critical philosophizing and the inspiration from them for the genesis of German idealism.

關鍵字

二律背反 ； 因果律 ； 自然 ； 自由 ； 先驗觀念論 ； 現象與物自身

並列摘要

The third Antinomy of the cosmological ideas in the ”transcendental dialectic” in Critique of Pure Reason-the contrast between nature and freedom-is not only the key of the critical turn of Kant's philosophizing, but also the centre of the development of his critical thinking. This essay tries to offer a text-and system-immanent Interpretation of the text from this theme. Firstly it shall introduce the conceptual context of the theme about antinomies, i.e. the genesis of the problematic of philosophical-cosmological antinomies, and the basic logical structure of the antinomy of nature and freedom on this context, i.e. the presentation of it in the square of Opposition. Then it shall come to the thesis and antithesis, their argumentations and their results, that is to say, the justification of their assertion through indirect proof (apagogischer Beweis). The argument of thesis justifies the possibility of thinking of freedom, so that Kant conceptualizes his idea of transcendental freedom. The argument of antithesis tries to falsify the possibility of freedom and therefore to ground the determinism of nature causality. And then Kant applies his transcendental idealism, especially the difference of Phenomena and Thing in itself as his dissolution-concept for the antinomy of nature and freedom. This essay would take a brief view about the core-meaning of the transcendental idealism and analyze how the distinction between appearances and things in themselves dissolves the antinomy between nature and freedom in this context. Finally it shall open the horizon of the development of this dissolution and Kant's idea of freedom in his critical philosophizing and the inspiration from them for the genesis of German idealism.

並列關鍵字

antinomy ； causality ； nature ； freedom ； transcendental idealism ； phenomena and Thing in itself