日本國家治理新模式之研究－黨與政之決策與施政新模式

The New Model of Governance in the Current Japanese Regime-Decision Making and Implementation between the Party and Government

曹瑞泰(Ruey-Tai Tsao)

《通識研究集刊》 7期 (2005/06) Pp. 159-195

https://doi.org/10.6488/JCGE.200506.0159

摘要

一九九三年啟動的日本第三波大改革，雖然仍持續地進行，但由發展過程，以及至今所展現的成果，已可清楚地得知，在政治改革、行政改革等陸續地推動下，二十一世紀日本的國家治理模式已從中央集權轉化為地方分權；中央政府也從官僚主導決策型的龐大組織，轉化為政治主導型的精簡效能政府；政黨政治也由一黨獨佔的長期政權，趨向以多黨聯合政權為執政模式的二大政黨制發展；而自民黨內派閥所造就的「權力的二重結構」，也在崩解，派閥影響力正在消退中，代之而起的是其黨總裁與黨中央的強勢領導與決策影響力。

關鍵字

行政改革 ； 地方分權 ； 聯合政權 ； 中央省廳重組

並列摘要

Although Japan has started her third major political reform in 1993, it's still on the way to its destination. However, from the processes of development and results, one can clearly visualize that these political and administrative reforms have changed the Japan's governing system from 'Centralization' to 'Decentralization', such as the model of decision-making being changed from the 'gigantic bureaucratic system' to an 'effective issue leading system'; party politics, also unavoidably, changed from 'monopolized party system' to 'two major-party system' which mainly consist of those multi small parties. Therefore, the ”two layer power structure” created by the factions of LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) is also tearing apart, not to mention the factions' influences. Instead, the chairman and the party cabinet have revived the strong leading style to make their own decisions in order to survive in new political structure in Japan.

並列關鍵字

Administrative Reform Decentralization ； Coalition Government ； Reorganization of The Central Ministries