傳統中國宿命系統下的英雄圖像－以明代《楊家將演義》為中心的省思

The Heros' Characters from the View of a Predestination System in the Historiography of "Generals of the Yangs" during the Ming Dynasty

卓美惠(Mei-Wei Chou)

《通識研究集刊》 7期 (2005/06) Pp. 61-82

https://doi.org/10.6488/JCGE.200506.0061

摘要

楊家將小說可以說是英雄傳奇與戰爭小說的綜合，以宋太祖登基至宋神宗年間一百多年的歷史為背景，敷演楊家將五代將領及楊門女將不讓鬚眉等人英勇抗敵的故事，明顯與正史僅記「楊業、楊延昭、楊文廣」楊家三代戍邊效命疆場有很大的差異，從三代敷演出五代的緣由，據玉茗堂主人於《楊家將演義》序文說：「宋史顯著楊業偉績，至標以無敵之名，當時亦豈曲說，獨是其一家兄弟妻妹之事存而弗論，作傳者特於此暢言之。」在史實虛實捏合之間，敘述內容常附會於神佛因果或神秘的宿命觀點而流於荒誕，被視為無稽之談；然玉茗堂主人亦云：「書有言也，言有志也，志有所寄言有所託，故天柱地維託寄君臣，斷鰲煉石託寄四五，不端其本而膠謫其實，我以為妙道之言而夫子以為孟浪之語，志斯晦矣。」這裡十足表達閱讀者與作者之間審美旨趣的差異，因此未可皆視為稗野之言。本文試圖從儒家安身立命與宿命論的審美觀點，探究這批敵愾沙場的英雄為民間傳頌千古不衰的神奇魅力。

關鍵字

楊家將 ； 立命 ； 宿命 ； 審美

並列摘要

The Chinese classic novel ”Generals of the Yangs” is widely regarded as a combination of a hero legend and war saga. Based on historical records from the Tai-Ju empire to Shan-Joan empire during the Sung dynasty, this novel depicts the bravery and determination of the Yang family. ”Generals of the Yangs,” obviously differs from the historiography of ”About Yang Yei, Yang Yan-Jou, and Yang Wen-Quong”. This story accurately accounts for the reasons from three to five generals. According to the the preface written by You-Men Tong in the historical novels of ”The Yangs”, ”The Sung Dynasty historiography describes the great accomplishments of the Yangs, unprecedented by other others. Their powerful influence during that period was undisputed. Not mentioning the individual feats of members of the entire Yang family, the writer focused on the overall achievements of the Yangs. Some historiographies were occasionally written by using fairy tales or concepts pertaining to secret fatalism, thus making such historiographies incredulous. However, You-Men-Tong also noted that” The aspirations of the Yang family have been demonstrated by writing their accounts in this historiography. A country's fate depends on its leaders and administrative personnel. Not concentrating on its fundamental but censuring its facts. No inappropriate opinions appear to be expressed in this historiography. Merely the aspirations of the Yang family are intended to be depicted. Obviously, the literature obviously differs in its interpretation on the beauty between writers and readers. Such stories can not be simplified as anecdotal books. Rather, this historiography attempted to reflect the strive for a moral culture in the Confucianist tradition as well as an aesthetic appreciation of beauty. This historiography further attempted to explore the magical charm of brave heroes whom have been eulogized throughout the ages.

並列關鍵字

the Yungs generals ； To establish the culture of aspiration ； predestination ； appreciation of the beauty