網路外部性下公營事業民營化之福利效果分析

Welfare Analysis of Privatization in A Mixed Duopolistic Market with Network Externalities

楊奕農 ； 王鳳生

《亞太經濟管理評論》 6卷2期 (2003/03) Pp. 21-33

https://doi.org/10.30087/APEMR.200303.0002

摘要

公營事業民營化一直被認為是改善市場效率，或增進經營效率與減少政府財政負擔的良方；但是在文獻中，公營事業民營化被證明反而有可能會降低社會福利。特別是像通訊產業這類明顯具有強烈網路外部性的市場，公營事業民營化政策是否合宜，以及其所涉及的產業相容標準問題是一個被文獻忽略的議題。因此本文的目的，即在於分析網路外部性下之公營事業民營化之福利效果，並延伸討論政府的產業相容標準之策略。本文發現存在網路外部性且市場結構為混合寡佔時，公營事業民營化後，反而使社會福利水準降低。此結論與De Fraja（1991）的結論類似，但其差異在於兩者對於公營事業民營化後，原公營事業廠商產出下降，造成產業總產出減少之後續結果解釋不同。本文認為，產業總產出減少後，網路外部性的效果無法彰顯，這是使社會福利水準降低之原因。

關鍵字

民營化 ； 網路外部性 ； 產品相容性 ； 社會福利

並列摘要

Privatization of public enterprises has been widely recognized as a mean to improve market efficiencies and release fiscal burden of governments. However, it was demonstrated that privatization could lead to a reduction in social welfare under certain conditions. In particular, privatization of some industries, such as telecommunications that are characterized with strong network externalities, remains questioned while standardization is one of the key issues in the industries. This is waiting for be answered. The purpose of this paper is to analyze welfare effects of privatization and policies for compatibility and standardization in the relevant industries. It is found that privatization of a public enterprise in a mixed duopolistic market with strong network externalities could result in a decrease in social welfare. Our finding is similar to De Fraja’s (1991) but differs in the rationale about the effects of deductions in total output due to privatization. The main reason for reduction in social welfare is due to decline in total output with privatization that would decrease network externalities as well.

並列關鍵字

Privatization ； Network Externalities ； Product Compatibility ； Social Welfare

參考文獻

Barrett, C. B.,Y. N. Yang(2001).Rational Incompatibility with International Product Standards.Journal of International Economics.54,171-191.

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De Fraja, G.(1991).Efficiency and Privatisation in Imperfectly Competitive Industries.Journal of Industrial Economics.39(3),311-321.

De Fraja, G.,F. Delbono(1989).Alternative Strategies of A Public Enterprise In Oligopoly.Oxford Economic Papers.41(2),302-311.