乳房自我檢查衛生教育效果評量

Effectiveness of Breast-Self-Examination Education

張翠珍(Tsui-Chen Chang) ； 盧豐華(Feng-Hwa Lu) ； 吳南宏(Nan-Hong Wu) ； 張瑩如(Ying-Zu Chang) ； 張智仁(Chin-Jen Chang)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 15卷4期 (1996/08) Pp. 391-401

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1996-15-04-10

摘要

為探討乳房自我檢查衛生教育教學前後婦女執行乳房自我檢查的技巧正確度及與模出乳房腫塊能力的關係，本研究以民國82年4月3日至民國82年7月15日，報名參加國立成功大學醫學院附設醫院家庭醫學部舉辦之乳房自我檢查衛生教育課程者共302位女性為對象。衛生教育是採用海報演講、模型示範及模型腫塊實際體驗等方式，而以問卷填寫及背著肩掛式乳房模型做自我檢查各步驟之動作來評估教學前及教學復六個月學員執行乳房自我檢查技巧的正確度和模出乳房模型腫塊能力之高低。針對157位同時接受教學前及教學六個月復之評量者，結果發現，教學前學員每月定期做乳房自我檢查者僅佔7.7%，且乳房自我檢查各步驟做正確的比率均低於30%。教學復六個月每月定期做者增加為35.7%，而學員各檢查步驟做正確的比率均有顯著提升，大部份步驟做正確的比率均超過60%，除了輕擠乳頭(30.6%)、先輕壓一次再重壓一次(45.9%)、檢查腋下淋巴結(52.2%)及雙手舉高鏡前檢查(54.8%)等步驟較易遺漏外。另外不論是教學前或教學復六個月，學員乳房自我檢查技巧正確度愈高者，模出乳房模型腫塊數目也愈多。經向此教學模式可提升婦女乳房自我檢查技巧的正確度，進而增加模出乳房腫塊之能力，如此將有助於早期發現以無痛性腫塊來表現之早期乳癌，值得作為推廣乳房自我檢查衛生教育之參考。

關鍵字

乳房自我檢查 ； 衛生教育

並列摘要

This study makes a comparison of women's proficiency in breast self examination and ability to sense breast mass before and after the health education of breast self examination. The objects of this study are 302 females who participated in the breast self examination class provided by the Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital from April 3, 1993 to July 15, 1993. The teaching methods adopted in the health education are poster lectures, model demonstration and touching model breast to sense breast mass. Questionnaire and shoulder hanging breast model for testing the correctness of self examination steps are used to evaluate the students' proficiency in breast self examination and ability to sense breast mass before and six months after the class. It is found that before the class, only 7.7% of the students performed monthly breast self examination regularly, of which less than 30% did the self examination in correct steps. Six month after the class, the proporsion of students who performed the examination regularly increased to 35.7% and the proporsion of those who did the examination in correct steps also increased to 60%. However, the steps of squeezing the nipple (30.6%), superficial pressure of fingers and deep pressure of fingers (45%), examining axillary nodes (52.2%) and examining by lifting arms over head in front of mirror (54.8%) are more easily ommitted. Besides, the higher self examination proficiency the students have, the more breast model mass can be sensed notwithstanding before or six months after the class. In conclusion, this study shows that this health education enhances women proficiency in breast self examination and further promotes their ability to sense breast mass. It is helpful to the discovery of early stage breast cancer which appears in the form of painless mass. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the promotion of breast self examination health education.

並列關鍵字

breast self examination ； health education