日本剝奪組織犯罪不法利益規定之研究

The Research of the Illegal Profits Deprivation Regulation in the Measure against an Organized Crime of Japan

李傑清(Jye-Ching Lee)

《育達研究叢刊》 5&6期 (2003/11) Pp. 125-142

https://doi.org/10.7074/JYDC.200311.0007

摘要

各國組織犯罪的現象與定義雖有差異，但組織犯罪以獲取最高利益為動機之目的性作為卻未曾改變，國家以嚴刑峻罰懲治犯罪者同時，若無法較有效地剝奪其犯罪所得，將形成三輸的局面。即：一、被害人精神與物質（金錢）上的損失難以回復。二、犯人易成為經濟利益的確信犯（犯罪有利可圖）。三、一般國民將喪失對司法正義的期待與信心。其結果將導致：一、司法層面：不利於犯罪的一般預防、特別預防與國民守法精神的提升。二、政治層面：犯罪所得成為選舉資金或政商利益交換的籌碼，致黑金（集團幫派）政治與白金（政商名流等）政治的合流，形成國家財政困難與憲政危機。
本論文係以比較法的觀點，分析日本暴力團對策法的立法過程、特徵及我國不能引進該法的理由；探討日本組織犯罪處罰法的立法背景（目的）、規範犯罪所得的對象、洗錢罪的處罰、加強沒收與追徵等之保全程序、可疑金融交易的申報與國際司法互助等問題，最後則明確指出日本與我國相關法律之問題與缺失，並強調我國在剝奪犯罪所得的同時，堅守法治國家基本原則（財產權的保障、罪責原則、無罪推定原則、禁止嚴苛刑罰等）的重要性。

關鍵字

組織犯罪 ； 犯罪所得 ； 日本暴力團對策法 ； 日本組織犯罪處罰法 ； 洗錢罪 ； 沒收

並列摘要

Although the phenomenon of an organized crime and a definition varies within Countries, the purpose of an organized crime (person) to gain the highest profits is still not changed. In that case, while an offender is punished severely, if the illegal profits (criminal income) cannot be deprived more effectively, then the following situations may arise.
1. The victim’s mental and property loss is unrecoverable.
2. The offender is apt to become the convinced criminal (profits are earned by the crime) of economic profits.
3. People will lose their expectation and confidence of judicial justice. The three situations mentioned above may cause some disadvantages in deterioration in the following two aspects:
1. Judicial aspect: It is disadvantageous to the promotion of law-abiding spirit, general criminal prevention and special criminal prevention.
2. Political aspect: The illegal profits from organized crime are possibly used for political election campaign as well as the exchange of interest between politicians and enterprises. which will cause the financial difficulties and constitutional crisis. This theses uses comparative study methodology to analyze legislation process of Anti-Organized Crime Law of Japan, feature and the reasons that R.O.C (Taiwan) can’t adopt that law. In this these, it also discuss questions about Organized Crime Punishing Law of Japan in legislation back ground (purpose), regulation of criminal object of illegal profits and the penalty for money laundry, enhances the process of confiscation and fine, reports the suspected financial transaction, and designs the cooperation of judiciary among countries. At last, it points out the problems and defects of the related laws in Japan and Taiwan. Meanwhile, I will also emphasize that while we, Taiwan, deprives the illegal profits, we will also abide by the rudiment principles (e.p. safeguarding the property right, crime punishment, innocence inferring, severe law prohibition etc. ) that Taiwan is a country which exercises a legal system.

並列關鍵字

organized crime ； illegal profits ； Anti-Organized Crime Law of Japan ； Organized Crime Punishing Law of Japan ； money-laundering crime ； confiscation