- 期刊
台灣製造業投資馬來西亞製造業的區位與決策之研究
Location Factors and Decision-making Model of Taiwanese Manufacture Investment in Malaysia
摘要
過去三十年，台灣經濟發展依賴外來直接投資的程度相當深遠，尤其以製造業為「成長極」，帶動出口外銷，創造了所謂台灣經濟奇蹟，讓台灣成為新興工業國家的代表之一，並吸引發展中國家來模仿學習，其中，包括馬來西亞。自一九八○年代後半期，台灣的製造業面臨各種不利的投資因素：包括土地價格暴漲、工資上漲、環保抗爭、政府行政效率漸漸低落，以及國際貿易保護壁壘和其他新興工業國的競爭。導致部份台灣的製造業，以移民式的遷廠方式，尋找其利基區位，例如中國大陸和東南亞，當然，也包括馬來西亞。 台灣本地的推力因素固然重要，投資區域的拉力因素也不容忽視。馬來西亞自提出以經濟發展為首要目標，並推動積極向東亞新興工業國家學習的「東望政策」，自1986年以來，外資投入增加，經濟快速成長。台商基於政策牽引而前往投資佔相當多數；再者，台商投資的產業型態由勞力、原料取向產業轉而技術密集型產業有逐漸增加的趨勢。而設廠區位的分布型態上，各別產業中廠商聚集的傾向，尤以技術密集型產業更為明顯，顯現了區位決策不僅基於傳統聚集經濟的外部經濟效果，更強調由學習型組織的本質，進而帶動區域轉型。
並列摘要
In the past thirty years, Taiwan's economic development has depended on foreign direct investment, especially for manufacturing industry. Manufacture, as a rapid growing industry, brings economic prosperity in exporting sector as well as helps to create the miracle of Taiwan's economy. Partly due to DFI, Taiwan becomes one of the newly industrializing countries and attracts many developing countries to duplicate its economic strategy, Malaysia being one of the examples. Since the late 1980s, the manufacturing industry of Taiwan became unable to profit and started to face predicaments, including the increase of land prices and workers' salaries, protests for environmental reasons, low efficiency caused by various government policies, international trade protectionism, and competition among other newly industrializing countries. Taiwan's manufacturers are certainly affected by such disadvantages. As a consequence, they try to look for better and profitable opportunity overseas. China and many Southeast Asian countries become candidates for such move. Malaysia is included. Pushing factors against investment in Taiwan are significant predicament, but pulling factors existing overseas are more important for the relocation of Taiwan's manufacturing industry. Since Malaysian government declared its strategy of ”Eastward Policy” to duplicate East Asian economy, it has adopted various measures to attract foreign investment and its economy thus grows as foreign investment increases. Many Taiwan's manufacturers invest in Malaysia because of the many advantageous factors of Malaysia. The present study finds that the proportion of high-tech firm increases and industry agglomerates in Malaysia. Geographical proximity not only is considered external economies, but also is a major consideration for manufacturers' collective learning. Such a geographical nature in turn motivates regional transformation in Malaysia.