閩南語之文白異讀、腔調、聲調差異與臺灣閩南語地名的關係

The Relationship between Taiwan Hohlo Place Names and Pronunciation Structures of Hohlo Language

韋煙灶(Yen-Tsao Wei)

《環境與世界》 9期 (2004/06) Pp. 55-81

https://doi.org/10.6304/EAW.2004.9.3

摘要

地名研究是地理學的基礎研究之一，在聚落、鄉土、景觀及區域等方面的探索，均佔有一席之地。基於研究臺灣地名不可「望文生義」的原則，臺灣地名研究的第一要務就是對語言結構的正確掌握。本文討論的焦點集中在臺灣閩南語地名文白異讀、腔調、聲調及其變調的現象。文白異讀與臺灣閩南語地名關係如下：(1)地名雅化時其唸法偏向由白讀音變為文讀音；(2)轉化或音譯自其他族群的地名也是偏向使用文讀音來唸；(3)地名移植時可透過文、白讀的轉換來調整其指涉的意義；(4)地名源自人名時偏向使用文讀唸法。腔調及聲調差異與臺灣閩南語地名的關係包括：(1)偏漳、偏泉兩系對特定字詞的異讀，而使地名的形、音、義發生差異或變異；(2)特定腔調使用者對地名有特殊的使用習慣，如偏漳州腔習慣加接尾詞「底」，偏海腔習慣加接尾詞「兮」；(3)聲調及變調差異可能對臺灣閩南地名形音產生若干影響。腔調及聲調差異對臺灣福佬地名的影響的地名數目雖然不多，但此種發音差異對地名影響的探求，必須是對閩南語言結構具備一定的認識，否則無法察覺其間的些微差異。

關鍵字

地名 ； 臺灣閩南語 ； 臺灣閩南語地名 ； 文白異讀 ； 腔調 ； 聲調 ； 變調

並列摘要

Toponym research is one of basic study of geography in particular on the studying territories of settle, landscape and region. In view of the principle of investigating into Taiwan place names is “to be not allowed to derive meaning from associating with written words in thinking only”. That learns to master the structure of Taiwan language properly is the first important business when we investigate into Taiwan place names. This article put the emphases on literary-vernacular variant, and discrepancies of accents, tones, sandhis in Taiwan Hohlo place names. There are four relations between literary-vernacular variant and Taiwan Hohlo place names are included. Firstly, these place names may be conversed the pronunciation from vernacular into literary when they are refined. Secondly, they may be conversed into literary when transformed or transliterated from the other ethnics.
Thirdly, when the place names were transplanted from one place to another place, maybe they will revise meanings via the switch of literary-vernacular variant. Lastly, Taiwan Hohlo place names may be conversed into literary when they originated from human names. Because of discrepancy between Taiwan Hohlo language accents and tones, there are three relations between pronunciations and Taiwan Hohlo place names which are included.：Firstly, the shapes, pronunciations and meaning of place names may bring about
difference or variation because of divergence of accents between the slanting Chiang1-ciu1(漳州） dialect and the slanting Chuan5-ciu1(泉州) dialect. Secondly, the special accent users have special habits when they call some special place names. Such as the slanting Jhang-jhou dialect users who custom to adding the suffix of ”te”(底), and the slanting Chuan-jhou dialect users who custom to adding the suffix of ”e”(兮), Thirdly, the discrepancy of tones and sandhis among different dialectal user have some influences on the shapes and pronunciations.

並列關鍵字

Toponym ； Taiwan Hohlo language ； Taiwan Hohlo place name ； literary-vernacular variant ； accent ； tone ； sandhi