雅樂姆團體心理治療模式之省思

Rethinking Yalom's Treatment Model on Group Psychotherapy

張達人(Ta-Jen Chang)

《中華團體心理治療》 20卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 23-30

摘要

國內引進Yalom團體心理治療學說已逾三十年，而近些年Yalom學說也吸引著許多中國大陸專業人員，並亦邀請相關國外學者至中國教導Yalom團體心理治療模式，相信Yalom的立論不久將會於華人世界持續擴大。因此兩岸同道宜探討與瞭解其植根於華人文化，所產生團體動力的東西方差異，以及其治療策略之可行性或衍生議題。Yalom心理治療立論是奠基於精神動力與存在性哲學兩者之導向，而團體心理治療則受Sullivan之人際理論影響，特別著重人際連結；同時亦聚焦於此刻此地而不探究過去原生家庭可能造成目前人際扭曲的原因。在治療關係上炯異於傳統精神分析者的沈默、冷漠及神秘態度，認為應彼此開放、透明化；此外對潛意識分析的治療上，在團體阻抗、反移情、病識感及文化差異四方面與精神動力導向治療師有明顯區別。

關鍵字

人際聯結 ； 旅程同伴 ； 療效因素 ； 潛意識探索

並列摘要

Yalom's treatment model on group psychotherapy has imported Taiwan for more than 30 years, and it is also absorbing China's attention in recent years. It's no doubt Yalom's theory should impact on Chinese society more and more extensively if following current steps. Therefore, the cross-strait professions have to study the difference of group dynamics between eastern culture and western culture. The foundation of Yalom's psychotherapy is based on psychodynamics and existential philosophy. The adjunction of Sullivian's interpersonal theory builds his theory of group psychotherapy. Yalom's group theory tremendously weighs interpersonal connection besides the focus of present moment. One of regretful thing on his group concepts is his less attention to analyze unconsciousness, especially the group one. Additionally, he also disagrees with the correlation between current social pattern and past primary family. However, the issues of group resistance, countertransference, insight and culture are delineated from the exploration of unconsciousness.

並列關鍵字

interpersonal connection ； fellow traveler ； therapeutic factors ； unconsciousness