野雲孤飛話姜夔

On Chiang Kwei's Poetry

梁惠蓉

《中華技術學院學報》 24期 (2002/03) Pp. 366-373

https://doi.org/10.7095/JCIT.200203.0366

摘要

就我國韻文發展而言，唐詩、宋詞、元曲，在文學史上均散發著光彩奪目的光芒。其中詞曲都是配合音樂能夠唱的詩。而失所用的語彙，都是輕靈曼妙的。表現方法則是華飾多於素描，優美多於壯麗。很少痛快淋漓，豪放豁達的作品多半是隱約含蓄，託興深微，一唱三嘆的風格。是中國文化中的陰柔之美。詞的產生約在晚唐時期，歷經五代作家的醞釀，至宋朝才告成熟。所以詞可以說是兩宋文學的代表，上自王公貴族，下至倡優歌妓，莫不競填新詞，已至於流傳廣遠。一般人談到詞，均已北宋為宗。其實詞到南宋姜夔時，才達到巔峰。北宋時期，蘇軾、辛棄疾等豪放流的作品，雖然縱橫跌宕，卻多不合音律。是詞中的變體。周邦彥雖然熟小音律，但是到了南宋，因為戰爭，多以散失。職到江白石時，以其卓越的天才，整理舊曲，自度新聲。可使得音樂與文詞達到諧和優美的境地。影響南宋當代及元、明、清、民初，七百多年。可以算是深遠了。所以就他的生平，詞風，以及影響作一介紹，俾使讀者對姜夔多一分瞭解。

並列摘要

To offer readers the whole view about the poet, Chiang Kwei (姜夔), I now introduce his course of life, style of poetry, and influences on the history of Chinese poetry as follows:In the development of the Chinese rhyme, poetry of the Tang Dynasty, the Sung Dynasty, the Mongol Dynasty played a great role in the Chinese literary history respectively. Poems in the Sung and Mongol Dynasty could be sung with music. The genre of the words in Sung Poetry was free and easy and the way of expression was not so plan as splendid; in other words, it was luxurious rather than grandeur, by which the works embodied the sentiment of the poets, not so much in vigorousness ad in implication. The style of tenderness is the beauty of the Chinese culture.Poetry wasn't mature until the Sung Dynasty though it rose the late Tang Dynasty and brewed in the Five Dynasties. The practice of writing poems was formed coming from all walks of life, so poetry was typical of two Sung Dynasties' literature.When it comes to talking about poetry, most people took the North Sung Dynasty as a main stream for the South Sung Dynasty. It isn't true because the poems of Su Shih (蘇軾) and Hsin Chi-chi (辛棄疾), renowned North sung Dynasty men of letters, were characteristic of being unrestrained and vigorous but in discord with rhymes-a kind of transformation of poems, which Chou bang-yann (周邦彥) was familiar with rhymes and finished much of works, most of which was lost because of wars in the South Sung Dynasty. Not until Chiang Kwei (姜夔), a poet in the South sung Dynasty, collected aged poems with his great talent did the combination of music and words reach the situation of harmony and beauty for which poetry was at the peak in the South Sung Dynasty. He gave poetry to the life and had a great impact on the Chinese poetry for more than seven hundred years (from the South Sung dynasty to the early republican years).