摘要
中耳的構造複雜，疾病也變化多端。依以往一個疾病對照一個圖的學習方式，在檢查時想一下子就作有系統的判讀並不容易。若改以別種思考模式，先記住正常的鼓膜影像，再把被檢查的影像拿來和它比對，以分出正常與異常。異常時有2種情況：一是正常的變異，二是病變，病變時可能是在穩定中或疾病正在進行中。為了達到迅速找出異常，可將檢查分為11細項，包括鼓膜的顏色、形狀、透明度、破孔、可動性、血管、聽小骨、中耳陰影、中耳積液、分泌物及光椎，而作逐一篩檢。這樣可以很快找出異常的地方，再依知識判斷，就可以作很好的判讀與診斷。
並列摘要
The anatomy and the physiology of the middle ear are complex and the appearance of the eardrum in middle ear disease is variable. It is almost impossible for a junior resident to confidently and adequately examine an ear. A useful strategy for inspection involves comparison of the eardrum being examined with a mental image of a healthy eardum. During the examination, cleaning of the extemal ear canal is a necessary, first step. The handle of the malleus is the landmark of the eardrum. There are two types of variation in the appearance of the eardrum, normal and pathological. Pathological conditions are either stable or active. To check the eardrum thoroughly and quickly, the examination should assess the color, shape, translucency, light reflex, mobility, and integrity of the eardrum; the malleus; the shadow of the middle ear structure; blood vessels of the eardrum and ear canal; and any middle ear effusion and secretions in the external canal. We then compare our findings to a normal ear. Any abnormalities of the eardrum then become obvious and an accurate diagnosis can then be made.
延伸閱讀
- 李亭鋒、洪朝明（1996）。外傷性鼓膜穿孔之早期外科處置。中華民國耳鼻喉科醫學會雜誌，31(4)，284-288。https://doi.org/10.6286/1996.31.4.284
- Chang, C. H., Lin, Y. C., & Wang, W. H. (2012). 比較軟骨內置型與筋膜下置型鼓室成型術聽力結果之縱向研究. 台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌, 47(4), 284-294. https://doi.org/10.6286/2012.47.4.284
- 詹凱傑、黃祥富、蘇仁亮、吳哲民（2010）。軟骨嵌入鼓膜成形術之門診手術。台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌，45(4)，103-108。https://doi.org/10.6286/2010.45.4.103
- 陳昱君、徐銘燦、林鴻清（2008）。以軟組織修復外傷性鼓膜穿孔的鼓膜成形術。台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌，43(2)，39-43。https://doi.org/10.6286/2008.43.2.39
- Chao, C. M., Yeh, T. C., Wang, C. S., Lin, W. T., & Hou, C. C. (2011). Esophageal Intubation. 台灣急診專科醫師期刊, 3(3), 99-100. https://doi.org/10.29749/JTCEP.201109.0006