錢賓四先生儒學和合論研究

Cian Bin-sih's Confucian Thinking and Theory of Harmoniousness

孫世民(Si-Min Sin)

《國文學誌》 11期 (2005/12) Pp. 175-204

https://doi.org/10.6973/CJ.200512.0175

摘要

「一體觀」爲錢賓四先生「內在理路」的根源，「和合思想」則爲錢先生思想的核心。從儒學和合論角度來研究錢先生學術思想，是一條簡便直捷的路徑，爲開啟他義理世界的一把鑰匙。 錢先生開發出的儒學和合論，若就人生論而言，是以「群己相處之道」爲軸心，以「原始的和諧」爲典範，以「再度的和諧」爲理想，爲「即倫理即道德即藝術」的中庸哲學；若以本體論而言，錢先生主張「即現象即本體」、「理氣爲一」、「體用和合」；就宇宙論而言，主張「自然與小我之合一」、「文化人生與自然人生之合一」；以工夫論而言，在於心處下工夫，求以心領導物。在心性下工夫，便是在人生實處下工夫，以達心、物之和合，爲「生命的實學」。簡言之，錢先生建構的儒學和合論，並非是「散論」，而是一套兼含本體論、宇宙論、人生論、工夫論的「理論系統」。此義爲一般研究人員所忽略，本文特加以彰顯。

關鍵字

內在理路 ； 和合 ； 原始的和諧 ； 再度的和諧

並列摘要

”Uniscope” (yitiguan) is the basis for Cian Bian-sih's theory of inner logic and ”harmoniousness” is the focus of Mr. Cian's thinking﹒Studying Mr. Cian's academic thinking from the perspective of Confucian theory of harmoniousness provides a shortcut and a key to open his world of yili (the exposition of meaning).
The Confucian theory of harmoniousness developed by Cian, in considering the Philosophy of life, involves the idea of ”the way of getting along with others,” and employs the idea of ”original harmony” as the paragon, and ”recurring harmony” as the ideal. It is the golden mean of the Confucian school in which ”moral principles mean ethics and art.” From the perspective of ontology, Cian held the idea that ”the appearance equals the substance” and believed in ”the integration of li (order) and ci,” and ”the harmony between the appearance and the function”. From the perspective of cosmology, he held held the idea of ”the integration of nature and an individual” and ”the integration of one's cultural life and natural life.” From the perspective of the theory of practice (gongfulun, the way of doing), he believed that the mind should be made to lead the material so that harmony between the spirit and the material could be achieved. From this perspective, his theory of harmoniousness is a practical philosophy toward life.
In short, Cian's Confucian theory of harmoniousness is a general thinking that addresses topical issues, but rather a ”theoretical system” combining ontology, cosmology, the theory of life, and the theory of practice. This paper intends to survey Such properties that are often-overlooked by most researchers.

並列關鍵字

Inner logic ； harmoniousness ； original harmony ； recurring harmony

參考文獻

錢賓四(1993)。人生十論。台北:東大圖書公司。

錢賓四(2002)。現代中國學術論衡。北京:三聯書店。

錢賓四(2001)。晚學盲言。台北:蘭臺出版社。

錢賓四(2001)。歷史與文化論叢。台北:素書樓文教基金會。

李漢相(2004)。先秦的和合思想。鵝湖月刊。29(9)，49。