《周易．蒙卦》「初筮告，再三瀆，瀆則不告」解義

〈蒙卦．卦辭〉云：「初筮告，再三瀆，瀆則不告」，歷來詮釋者有據此而認為占筮問事，只能一事一貞。此文針對此一議題討論，分析歷代《易》學家之解釋，並對先秦兩漢相關卜筮事例進行分析，得出下列結論：第一，歷代《易》學家對此段卦辭之解釋分別有從爻位對應關係、師弟之間教育理論以及如何占筮之例三方面進行詮釋，除主張一事一貞之說外，另有認為《周易》對同一問題最多可進行三次占筮的說法存在。第二、就真實筮例分析，先秦兩漢除一事一貞方式外，另有一事多貞、卜筮並用以及一卦多占等現象，顯示今人以為一事僅可一占一卜的說法並不合於古義。最後此文則配合殷周之際卜筮原則，對此段卦辭進行解釋，提出此段卦辭並未涉及再筮、三筮會褻瀆神靈而導致不告的看法，合理詮釋方向應涉及占筮過程誠敬心意之持續。若在再筮及三筮過程中，有任何褻瀆之意，便會導致不告結果。

關鍵字

周易；蒙卦；卦辭；占筮；一事多貞

並列摘要

The remark to the Hexagram Meng says, ”Tsu-Shih-Gau, Zai-Seng-Du, Du-Ze-Bu-Gau”. The interpreter considers that it denotes ”one thing, one prediction” when it comes to divination. The study focused on this issue for discussion. We analyzed the interpretations of scholars of the past dynasties as well as the instances before the Han dynasty and concluded as follows. First, the scholars of the past dynasties interpreted this remark from three respects, the position relativity, the educational theory between the teacher and the student and the way for divination. Besides the saying of ”one thing, one prediction”, others thought that the saying of a maximum of three predictions regarding a single question in Book of Changes existed. Second, based on the analysis of practical instance, before the Han dynasty, in addition to ”one thing, one prediction”, it is also possible to predict multiple times for one single thing as well as using two prediction methods, and even a single hexagram can be interpreted by various people. Such situation does not comply with our current understanding of ”one thing, one prediction”. At last, we followed the divination principle of the In dynasty and the Chou dynasty to interpret this remark to the hexagram and proposed that such rhetoric does not involve the thinking of divination ineffectiveness under two or three times of prediction. The reasonable explanation is that one shall keep an earnest mind for divination. If there is any insincerity, the prediction would become ineffective.