中共“統戰會議”之分析－兼論兩岸學界對統戰之研究

Analysis of Chinese Communist National United Front Conference-Critiques from Scholars in Taiwan and Mainland China

楊開煌(Kai-Huang Yang)

《遠景季刊》 2卷2期 (2001/04) Pp. 97-134

https://doi.org/10.7063/PR.200104.0097

摘要

回顧歷史，中共成功地運用統戰策略使其實力由弱轉強，建政後中共為鞏固政權仍然頻繁地運用統戰策略。本文試圖從中共全國統戰會議的文件及相關座談會的論文，去檢證中共對革命與建設時期的統戰策略運用之差異。
長期以來，中共曾試著讓統戰策略成為一門科學，然而直到現在，不論官方或非官方的出版品，都只是一種宣傳。尤為甚者，統戰會議已淪為官方每年都會舉辦的例行會議，而非強有力的策略。在中國大陸，學者仍然因襲．馬列主義學說和引述領導者的談話來研究統戰，以證明其正確性。至於臺灣學界則依舊以源自於國民黨在國共內戰期間的失敗經驗做為典範來研究，其往往過度誇大中共統戰策略的功用。如今，臺灣應運用統戰去促使中共政權向民主政體轉變，以建立穩定的亞洲秩序。

關鍵字

統一戰線 ； 全國統戰會議 ； 全國統戰工作會議 ； 統戰理論會議 ； 多黨合作

並列摘要

United front work was the most powerful strategy during the Chinese communist revolution. According to PRC's official definition, it means to pick out friends from the enemy side after carefully analyzing the objective. A successful united front helps CCP become stronger and defeat the most prior and important enemy and then the rest. It's true as we look back at the history of Chinese communist revolution. The unitd front work has also been frequently used since 1949 when the regime was established. However no policy is without limitation. Different ”United Front Work” strategies are needed with regard to different purposes, timing and situations. Have Chinese authority developed different united front strategies to settle new problems? This article tries to examine, through documents of the national united front conference and essays from concerned symposiums, the difference between the strategies during the revolutionary period and those in peace time.
After the communist government adopted the reform and
opening-up policy, it tried to found the united front work as a science. Conferences are held annually to discuss the united front work from practice to theory. But until now, it's just propaganda, based on the content of official and unofficial publications. Further more most of the conferences or symposiums are no more than official routine work. Scholars in mainland China who study the united front policy can only follow one approach to prove its righteousness, which is to follow the line of Marx-Leninism or to quote remarks from Chinese leadership.
Taiwan is concerned about the united front work. Scholars here should find easily its weakness. However old paradigms, based on the experiences during the 1945-1949 civil war, are still regarded as golden rules by Taiwanese researchers who tend to exaggerate the effect of United front work. But they also use the old paradigm of following the KMT's failed experiment during the civil war from 1945 to 1949. So the R.O.C government adopted the ”Three-Nos” policy and the ”Be Patient and Withhold” policy for a long time. Now anybody without prejudice knows that is a lost policy.
China has now transformed from a closed society to a semiopen one. Taiwan needs not be afraid of the united front work. Contrarily, it needs an engagement policy and its own version of united front work to turn China from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one in order to stabilize the situation in Asia.

並列關鍵字

United front ； National united front Conference ； Conference of National united front Policy ； Symposium of united front ； Multi-part cooperation

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