國小學生同儕團體、性別身份形成與兩性互動探討

The Study on Peer Groups, Formation of Gender Identity and Interactions Between Girls and Boys in Elementary School

田俊龍(Jiun-Lung Tien)

《新竹師院初等教育學報》 9期 (2004/08) Pp. 23-46

https://doi.org/10.6757/HCSYCTCYHP.200408.0023

摘要

本研究的目的在探討國小男女生同儕團體的特質，這些特質如何影響個別男女生性別身份的認定，以及男女生間關係和互動，最後由以上發現歸納結論，提出對小學高年級階段兩性教育的建議。
本研究採取質性研究中的參與觀察、非結構訪談和文件分析等方法，以台北縣某國小一個五年級班級為研究對象。研究結果發現，男生團體的特質和過程對個別男生性別身份形成的影響：使男生重視個人的成就與地位，也讓男生具有感情中性、大膽、主動、侵略等男性特質；女生團體的特質與過程對個別女生性別身份的影響：使女生重視與同儕的關係、情感、細膩等女性特質。
在同儕團體對兩性互動影響方面，則有以下發現：同儕團體造成性別分離、同儕團體是性別歧視的來源、同儕團體影響男女生對彼此的觀點。根據研究者的發現，本研究建議教育工作者必須注意同儕團體內部的互動和規範，並輔導矯正不適當部份，讓男女生在性別身分的認同過程中，能夠欣賞甚至採納彼此的特質，培養看待異性的正確態度。

關鍵字

同儕團體 ； 性別身分 ； 兩性關係 ； 兩性教育

並列摘要

The purpose of the study is to probe characteristics and group process in boys and girls' groups in elementary school, and to understand how these characteristics and group process influence the formation of a person's gender identity and gender relationship between boys and girls. The study applied qualitative approach, including participant observation, unstructual interview, documentary analysis. The researcher choose a class of the fifth grade in a elementary school of Taipei county as the study field.
From the study, there are several findings as follow: the characteristics and group process in the boys' groups make a boy value individual achievement and social status, and also make a boy form masculinities such as unemotionality, boldness, aggressiveness, activeness; the characteristics and group process in the girls' groups make a girl form feminities such as emphasis on her relationship with other peers and care for others.
From the influence of peer groups on gender relationships, there are several finds as follow: peer groups cause the separation between girls and boys; gender discrimination origins from peer groups; peer groups influence the ways how boys and girls look each other.
　According to the findings of the study, the researchers suggest that educators should pay attentions to norms and interactions in the peer groups in order to guide and correct the inappropriate parts and to have boys and girls appreciate each other in the process of gender identification.

並列關鍵字

peer group ； gender identity ； gender relationship ； gender education