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性別、階級與婦女教育之初探：以英國十九世紀為例
The Initial Exploration of Gender, Glasses, and Woman Education: The England in the 19 th Century as an Example
摘要
傳統的性別觀，建立在男女性格差異的天性及社會角色分工的倫理秩序基礎。「男外女內」、「男尊女卑」的社會倫理價值觀，使得婦女的社會角色扮演著「賢妻良母」、「相夫教子」的女德形象；讓婦女認清自己的宿命係要走入婚姻與家庭，並為家庭付出相當大的心血。從男性的觀點，亦認為女性缺乏理性能力，這個觀點對於婦女教育有著深刻的影響。 女性被限定為「賢妻良母」與「相夫教子」的社會角色，在教育的機會、目的與課程內容上便與男性有所不同。社會階級不僅對男性產生教育的分類，相同地也發生在女性身上。不幸的，女性又因性別的因素，比同樣社會階級的男性還要受到傳統文化的倫理規範與束縛，換言之，男性或因中上階級因素而有追求個體自我實現的教育機會，而婦女則幾乎完全受到性別與階級之不利因素而處於社會控制的教育狀態。 十九世紀的英國，使得婦女教育有了顯著的變化，係後來在二十世紀男女性受教權方面取得平等地位的重要轉捩階段，因此極具婦女教育史的研究意義。本研究主要的目的在於：一、探索英國婦女在社會上的角色，二、分析英國社會階級的形成與衝突，三、探討英國社會階級與婦女教育之間的關係，四、分析性別、階級對英國婦女教育的影響。
並列摘要
The traditional concept of gender is built on the different characters of males and females and the arrangement of social roles. The social values of “males working outside v.s. females housekeeping inside”, “males dominating females” made the social roles of females became “a dutiful wife and loving mother” to help the husbands and to teach the children. It made females recognize their fate to contribute much to their marriages and families. Males also think that females lack rationality that has a great effect on woman education. The social roles of females were defined as “a dutiful wife and loving mother” to help the husbands and to teach the children; therefore, it made the opportunities, purposes, and the curriculums of females different from those of males. The social classes classify not only the education of males but also one of females. Unfortunately, due to females’ gender roles, they are more constrained by the morality of traditional culture than males as the same social class. In the other word, the males of higher classes have more opportunities to fulfill their ideals through education. However, females’ disadvantageous gender roles and classes made their education to be under the social control. However, England in the 19th century made woman education have a remarkable change that is an important turning point for females to get equal position in education as males in the 20th century. Therefore, it has a significant meaning in the research of woman educational history. The main purpose of this research are as following: 1.Explore the social roles of the British women. 2.Analyze the formation and the conflict of social classes in England. 3.Discuss the relationship between the social classes and woman education in England. 4.Analyze the influence of gender and social classes on woman education.