二十世紀二十至三十年代中德軍事合作與合步樓方案

本論文的重點旨在闡述二十世紀二十至三十年代中德的軍事合作與所謂“合步樓”方案（HAPRO PROJEKT）的經緯與其重要性。使用中德已刊未刊檔案及中外學者過去的研究成果，探討此一時期中德雙方願意合作的真正原因：中國所看重的是德國的優秀的軍事與良好的軍火武器製造和工業產品。因此希望爭取德援，整軍經武，並快速推動工業化；而德國方面則欲借此取得中國豐富的世界稀有的礦產鎢銻等原料，以擴充其軍工業，增加戰備。但在整個的遠東政策上，卻是看重日本，對於中國不過是加以利用而已，並無真正援助的誠意。此由德國同時對中國中央政府以及兩廣地方政權與滿洲國作相同於合步樓式的物物交換的貿易合作可得明證。但是經此十年德國軍事顧問團的協助，以及合步樓以貨易貨貿易方案的推行，國民政府卻在軍事現代化與工業化方面獲有成就，為日後的抗日戰爭蓄積相當的國力。故此時期中德的合作，仍是對國民政府有其助益的。

關鍵字

德國軍事顧問；包爾；克里拜爾；佛釆爾；塞克特；法爾肯豪森；克蘭；合步樓方案；國民政府

並列摘要

This essay aims at the military cooperation between China and Germany as well as the course and significance of the so-called “Hapro Project” in the 1930s. Having studied relative archives and researches exhaustively, I try to explore the actual cause of the cooperation between the two countries. China was interested in Germany’s excellent military power and weaponry production capabilities besides industrial products, and eager to gain assistance to its industrialization and augment its military strength; meanwhile, Germany needs to obtain rare minerals, such as tungsten and antimony, which are abundant in China, to expand its capabilities in military industry. However, Germany focuses its Far Eastern policy entirely on Japan and is only making use of China’s resources; therefore, it would not assist China sincerely, The motive of Germany could be proved by its trade cooperation “Hapro Project”, which has been signed with the Central Government of China and those local authorities of Guandong, Guanxi and Manchuria simultaneously. Owing to the military assistance from Germany and the practice of Hapro Project trade by commodities for commodities — the National Government has made achievements in military modernization and industrialization and has thus accumulated the national strength for the Sino-Japanese War thereafter. Therefore, the cooperation between China and Germany during this period has still been beneficial for the National Government.