海洛因成癮者濫用藥物信念與用藥渴求信念初探

A Preliminary Study on Beliefs about Drugs Abusing and Craving for the Heroin Abusers

林瑞欽(Rueih-Chin Lin) ； 黃秀瑄(Helen Shou-Shen Huang)

《犯罪學期刊》 7卷2期 (2004/12) Pp. 29-66

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.200412.0002

摘要

本文旨在分析海洛因成癮者對濫用藥物所抱持的信念與用藥渴求信念。本文所分析的樣本為男性666名、女性292名，合計958名。此研究樣本依據隨機取樣的原則取自全台灣觀察勒戒所、戒治所、與監獄。濫用藥物信念量表由研究者（林瑞欽與黃秀誼，2003）編製，內含26題，有良好的信度與效度。該量表經因素分析後，內含「效果期待」、「自貶依毒」、「低估毒癮」等三個分量表。結果顯示：受試者對26個濫用藥物信念之贊同率，男性約自7.3%至61.4%，女性則約自3.4%至65.2%。最主要四項濫用藥物信念分別為：1．「濫用藥物可暫時忘掉煩惱」（男＝61.4%、女＝65.2%）、2．「濫用藥物可解除病痛」（男＝58.9%、女＝59.0%）、3．「濫用藥物是一場理智與慾念的拉鋸戰，而理智終究會失敗」（男＝56.2%、女＝56.2%）。4．「濫用藥物可滿足好奇心」（男＝50.5%、女＝53.7%）。多數男女都對濫用藥物持有正面效果期待，其中男性較強調性能力的提升（男＝41.4%、女＝20.0%），女性則較相信用藥的減肥（男＝23.3%、女＝54.1%）、提神、消除壓力與煩惱等效果。就用藥信念組型而言，僅見男性有顯著較多的「低估毒癮」信念，「效果期待」與「自貶依毒」等信念組型並無顯著的性別差異。受試濫用藥物的成癮愈嚴重時，對濫用藥物愈存有效果期待、愈為自貶與依賴毒品、過於低估上癮等信念者，其用藥渴求將愈強。效果期待、自貶依毒、低估毒癮等濫用藥物信念能有效解釋約57.7%的用藥渴求總變異量。本研究結果對於戒治策略的涵義在於發展認知行為治療策略，而情緒管理、壓力因應、溝通技巧、正確的減重控制策略、與強化兩性功能的觀念也是研擬濫用藥物者戒癮策略中不可或缺的元素。

關鍵字

海洛因 ； 濫用藥物者 ； 濫用藥物信念 ； 用藥渴求 ； 再濫用藥物風險

並列摘要

Beliefs about drugs abusing and craving for 958 heroin abusers who include 666 males and 292 females were investigated and discussed in this study. In the current period of investigation, the subjects were residents or inmates in the drug treatment centre and prison. A 26-items of Beliefs of Abusing Drugs Inventory that includes three subscores, they are ”positive outcome expectancies”, ”underestimate the risk of being in drugs addiction”, and ”self-devalue with dependent on drugs”. The endorsement rates of beliefs about drug abuse are 7.3% to 61.4% for males, and 3.4% to 65.2% for females. The prior four beliefs about drug abuse are as followed: 1. Drug abuse will help one to forget his troublesome (males＝61.4%, females＝65.2%); 2. Drugs can relief my pain. (males＝58.9%, females＝59.0%); 3. Drugs abusing is a war between ration and desire, however the ration part will be definitely loser (males＝56.2%、females＝56.2%); 4. Drugs can be satisfied with my curiosity. (males＝50.5%, females＝53.7%) Females more concern the effect of drugs can help take my weight away. (males＝23.3%、females＝54.1%) However, males more concern the effect of drugs can improve his sexual function. (males＝41.4%, females＝20.0%) Males have more much underestimate the vulnerability of drug addiction. No significant sex difference was found in those beliefs about outcome expectancies and self-devaluation with dependent on drugs. Beliefs about drugs using can explain about 57.7% of variance of drugs craving for the heroin abusers. The heroin abusers have more much beliefs about the positive effect of using drugs, low self-esteem with dependent on drugs, and underestimate the risk of being in drug addiction, the stronger the craving for heroin. The implications of this work for substances abusing were also discussed, especially in cognitive behavioral approach was used in developing the substances abusing treatment.

並列關鍵字

heroin abusers ； drug addiction ； addiction belief ； craving ； cognitive therapy

參考文獻

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