戒治團體方案對受戒治人心理變項與再犯與否之成效評估研究

The Effects of Psychological Varieties and the Analysis of Recidivism in Drug Abuser Group Reatment Programs

江振亨(Chen-Heng Chiang) ； 陳憲章(Hsien-Chang Chen) ； 劉亦純(Yi-Chun Liu) ； 邱鐘德(Zhong-De Chiu) ； 李俊珍(Chun-Cheng Lee)

《犯罪學期刊》 14卷2期 (2011/12) Pp. 41-97

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.201112.0002

摘要

研究目的：以高雄戒治所執行之多元整合戒治模式為對象，探討機構性戒治處遇成效，包括：（1）各戒治團體處遇方案參與者與未參與者之再犯率有無差異。（2）參與戒治醫療整合方案者是否在「情緒」、「身心狀況」、「強制戒治壓力」、「物質渴想」、「自我效能」、「風險情境-自我效能評量」等心理變項具有處遇之效果。研究方法：本研究收集高雄戒治所2007年及2008年直接出所之全部個案計623名，調查出所後再犯毒品罪比例，並收集在所期間之心理量表前後測資料，採用描述統計、t檢定、卡方檢定、共變數分析等統計方法進行資料處理。研究結果：（1）在出所後六個月內及一年內之再犯毒品罪之比率方面，直接入高雄戒治所接受完整戒治課程者比他所移入高戒所者為低。（2）參與高戒所與嘉南療養院合作推動的戒治醫療整合方案團體者出所後（出所六個月以上至二年間）再犯率為16.5%，又以整合方案中之認知團體類（再犯率為16.2%）、生涯團體類（再犯率為17.8%）、家庭方案（再犯率為23.1%）等團體效果最佳；而未參與該團體者出所後再犯率為34.5%；受戒治人與家屬參加戒癮家庭會談次數愈多者，出所後再犯預防愈佳。一單元式出所前準備團體不具療效，可由多單元的復發預防團體類取代。至於非自願性質團體之療效則未顯著。（3）參加戒治醫療整合計畫團體者在情緒量表「總分」與「焦慮」變項；戒治壓力量表「總分」與「擔心受同儕欺壓」、「擔心未來社會生活之適應」、「對戒治法規涉及個人權利的壓力」、「所內生活作息與管理的壓力」變項；物質渴想量表之「想要用藥想法」；自我效能量表之「負向自我效能」等明顯比沒有參加者具較佳的改善效果。建議：戒癮認知、生涯規劃、復發預防等團體、家庭方案與戒治醫療整合方案具療效，宜續投入足夠專業人力推動。多元整合戒治方案為合適的戒治機構處遇模式。

關鍵字

多元整合戒治模式 ； 團體諮商 ； 再犯 ； 戒治 ； 毒品

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological varieties and the analysis of recidivism ratios on drug abusers who had received multi-integration drug treatment model in the Kaohsiung Drug Abuser Treatment Center. This researcher teem collected self-reported questionnaires about psychological varieties surveyed to drug abusers, and investigated the ratios of recidivism after release from this center in 2007-2008 to analyze the effects of all group therapies. There were 623 subjects in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, X2, factor analysis, and ANCOVA had been used to analyze the results.Results were as follows: 1. Subjects who were directly set to Kaohsiung Drug Abuser Treatment Center to receive whole treatment lessons had lower ratios of recidivism than other subjects who transferred to this center in middle period of treatment. 2. This study found that the multi-integration drug abuser treatment model could reduce the risk of recidivism. The ratio of recidivism of subjects who received these treatment model offered from medical specialized psychological treatment was 16.5% within six months to two years after release, but the control group was 34.5%. These group programs had been demonstrated that had good effects on drug abusers, including cognitive group (ratio of recidivism was 16.2%), career counseling group (ratio of recidivism was 17.8%), and family support program (ratio of recidivism was 23.1%). But this study also found the only one session release-preparing group didn't have effects on reducing recidivism, and it should be replaced by relapse prevention group. Furthermore, this study also found the non-voluntary group didn't have significant effects on reducing recidivism. 3. Subjects who participated in medical specialized psychological treatment of multi-integration model had significantly improved in following varieties than subjects of control group, including the emotion and anxiety, pressure in the treatment center (including worried about bully pressure from peers, worried about the life in the future, the law of private right about drug treatment, the pressure of institute's management), thoughts of drug carving, negative self-efficacy.Suggestions: Cognitive group, career counseling group, family support program and medical specialized psychological treatment should be promoted continually in drug abuser treatment center.

並列關鍵字

Multi-integration drug treatment model ； group counseling ； recidivism ； treatment ； illicit drug

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