小提琴拉弓演奏與撥奏之聲音特性探討

小提琴屬於四弦的弓弦樂器，是現代管弦樂團弦樂組中最重要的樂器之一，小提琴主要的特點在於有豐富且廣泛的音律，透過不同的演奏方式會產生不同的聲音特性，因此本文透過聲音量測分析進行小提琴之聲音特性探討。首先，透過頻譜分析儀及聲音量測軟體進行實際量測分析，可分別取得拉弓演奏或撥奏琴弦時的時間域響應及其對應的時頻圖與聲音頻譜，進而探討不同演奏方式對聲音特性之影響。結果顯示拉奏與撥奏的發聲頻率幾乎一樣，有差別的地方主要為聲音持續時間的長短以及衰減率之差異，在拉奏可以精確控制聲音長短，撥奏如同打擊樂器，聲音出現快，消失也快，拉奏所測得的高頻峰值也比撥奏明顯。另外，針對不同琴弦進行探討可發現細弦高頻峰值較粗弦明顯，且越粗的弦波峰越密，衰減率也有變大的趨勢。本文透過聲音量測分析的手法，探討拉弓演奏或撥奏不同狀態下的小提琴琴弦之聲音特性，此方法未來可提供弦樂器與相關樂器之研究。

關鍵字

小提琴；時間域圖；頻譜圖；時頻圖

並列摘要

Violin is one of string musical instruments and the most important one in modern orchestra strings. Violin has the rich and wide musicality by different playing skills to produce different sound characteristics. This work measures the violin playing sound and analyzes its sound characteristics. First, with the use of FFT analyzer and sound measurement software to do practical measurement, we can get the time response of sound and its sound spectrum as well as spectrograms for pulling bow playing and picking to compare the sound response. The playing sounds from bow playing and picking have almost the same peak frequencies but different peak amplitudes. The continuity of playing is characterized by the decay rate of sound. The picking sound decays rapidly similar to percussion instruments, while the bow playing sound can control the playing length of sound and reveal higher amplitudes of sound at higher harmonic frequencies. For different strings, the thinner strings reveal higher resonance frequencies than the thicker ones, and the thicker strings reveal the larger decay rates. This work performs practical sound measurement of different playing by bow playing and picking the violin strings. The measurement and analysis approaches can be adopted for other strings instruments as well.

並列關鍵字

violin ； time response ； spectrum ； spectrograms

國際替代計量

小提琴拉弓演奏與撥奏之聲音特性探討

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