The differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer was isua1ly difficult. A 42-year-old male patient, a victum of alcoholism, was admitted because of recurrent epigastralgia and jaundice. Ultrasonography and computed tomogrophy revealed swelling of pancreatic head with some calcifications. Whipple's operation was undertaken under the impression of pancreatic cancer. Pathology disclosed chronic pancreatitis without evidence of malignancy. The differential diagnosis, etiology, and modes of treatment of chronic pancreatitis were discussed in the paper.