論高行健《靈山》的敘述結構

高行健的《靈山》雖說得了諾貝爾文學獎，但作為小說藝術而言，確實有許多令人質疑而難解的地方。這也正是它創新、獨特、而被稱許得獎的原因。本文即嘗試從此一關鍵著手，分析作者的特殊敘述手法、探討《靈山》的內容底蘊、並尋繹作者的創作旨趣；其中包括《靈山》小說「視角轉換」與心靈世界的關係、情慾沈陷作為生命出口、逃離藝術的原因；以及小說內容中有關「文明對自然的肆虐」、「歷史文化的質疑」，（對正史與傳說，統治者文化與庶民文化等的多元包容），以及「各種價值的解構」（如野蠻與文明、土匪與官兵等），甚至關於小說體製、主題結構、語言試煉等藝術手法，最重要的是對傳統與封閉、禁錮與陳規的批判與消解，皆為本文探討的重點與範圍。本文主要是就以上各點（包括形式內容，因為二者是息息相關的）的闡述，分析《靈山》之敘述策略以釐析高行建如何由顛覆傳統到表現創意，如何由「解」到「構」，以完成其小說的試驗。

關鍵字

高行健；靈山；小說；敘述

並列摘要

”Soul Mountain” contributes Gao Xing-Jian to be awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize. However, from the perspective of novel literature, it leaves a lot of materials which is elusive and questionable. This innovation and uniquity are understood as the reason for his success. As a result, this study tries to examine his work from this aspect. Author explored Gao's specific descriptive technique, the implying content of ”Soul Mountain” and the incentive of his creation. This discussion included several issues: the relationship between inner world and transfer of observation, the reason for voluptuous corruption as the escaping from life and art, the queries to conflicts between nature and civilization and historical culture, and the deconstruction of valuation. Additionally, author covered the analysis of novel structure, language experiment and presentation style of ”Soul Mountain.” These exploration is helpful to locate Gao's the critique and devaluation to conservation and platitude. The main objective of this study is to follow the issues mentioned above from style to content correspondently. Author analyzed the expressive strategy of ”Soul Mountain” and sequentially, presented that how Gao overturned the traditional method and demonstrated his creativity, how his work moved with de-construction in his literature experiment.