We retrospectively analyzed 146 cases which underwent autotransplantation surgery for 176 teeth from the mandibular or maxillary third molar to the lower first or second molar ridge from 1996 to 2004 by regular clinical follow-up and radiographic examination in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital (VGH). Correlations of clinical covariates of age, gender, donor site, and root development (open or closed apex) with 2-and 5-year survival rates were analyzed by Fisher's exact t-test, Except for 21 transplants which were followed-up for <1 year or which involved severely damaged donor teeth, 155 transplants had a 91% (141/155) 2-year survival and 107 transplants had an 82% (88/107) 5-year survival, Root development and age were found to significantly affect the 2-year survival (p<0.05). The value of autotransplantation with appropriate indications and precise procedures instead of using expensive alloplastic dental implants should not be ignored.