臺灣傳統音樂在學校教育制度中之發展(1949-2008)

The Development of Taiwan's Traditional Music in the School Education System (1949-2008)

黃玲玉(Lin-Yu Huang)

《藝術學報》 84期 (2009/04) Pp. 289-310

https://doi.org/10.6793/JNTCA.200904.0289

摘要

學校系統（教育制度）乃是根據憲法或法律規定，所設立的各級各類教育機構所組成之體系。臺灣之「現行學制」是教育部在「新學制」（壬戌學制，1922年）的基礎上分別研訂，並逐次公布各級學校法令規程，以逐步建立今之完整學校系統，可分成幼稚教育、國民教育（國小、國中）、高級中等教育與高等教育四大階段。
音樂教育約可分為一般音樂教育、專業音樂教育與社會音樂推廣教育三種，而本文所指「教育制度」中之音樂教育，係狹義的指前二者。一般音樂教育包括國小、國中及高中（職）的音樂教育，與各大專院校的通識音樂教育，另各級學校中與音樂有關的社團活動亦包括在內。專業音樂教育則包括國小、國中及高中（職）的音樂資優教育，與大專院校音樂系、所的高等音樂教育。
「課程標準」乃編制課程的準則，是教育部為確立各級學校的教育目標，所訂定的有關各級學校課程的總目標、教學時數、教材綱要與實施方法等，依此做為各級學校編選教材、實施教學的依據。臺灣自國民政府遷臺以來，課程標準已歷經多次的修訂，從課程標準的修訂中，可了解「臺灣傳統音樂」在教育制度中之發展。
因此本文僅就國民教育、高級中等教育、高等教育三層級中的「一般音樂教育」與「專業音樂教育」中，與「傳統音樂」有關的「課程標準」與「課程綱要」的修訂、特色、內容，相關系所的設立與課程內容，相關社團的成立，師資來源與師資培育，實施成果等方面，來敘述臺灣在國民政府遷臺後，傳統音樂在教育制度中之發展。

關鍵字

教育制度 ； 課程標準 ； 九年一貫 ； 課程暫行綱要 ； 課程綱要 ； 傳統音樂

並列摘要

The education system includes educational organizations of all classes and varieties set up according to the stipulation of the constitution or the law. Step by step, the Ministry of Education set up and completed Taiwan's current full school system based on the ”New School System” (Ren-she School System, 1922). The system consists of four stages: kindergarten education, civil education (elementary school and junior high school), senior high school and tertiary education.
Music education can be roughly classified into three kinds: general music education, professional music education and social music promotion education. This paper looks in detail at the first two. General music education includes general music education at elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, vocational high schools, colleges and universities. Music-related activities of students' organizations in these schools are also included. Professional music education includes special music provision for the musically gifted students at elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, vocational high schools and advanced music education in the department of music at colleges and universities.
”The curriculum standard” is the rules for designing courses, which consist of the overall objectives, teaching hours, course materials and the delivery methods for different levels of schools set by the Ministry of Education to ensure the schools' educational goals. It can be used as the basis for schools to design, select and edit their course materials and to implement the courses. The curriculum standard of Taiwan has been revised many times since the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan. From the revisions, one can understand the development of Taiwan's traditional music in its educational system.
The article will describe the development of Taiwan's traditional music in its educational system after the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan. Aspects covered include the ”general music education” and ”professional music education” in the three levels of education: elementary, junior/senior high school education and tertiary education; the revisions, characteristics and contents of the ”curriculum standard” and ”course principles” that are related to ”traditional music”; the establishment of music-related departments or colleges, their curricula; the founding of music-related student organizations in schools; the sources of teachers, the professional cultivation of teachers and the results.

並列關鍵字

education system ； curriculum standard ； nine-year consistent ； temporary principles of courses ； course principles ； and traditional music

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