渴望‧解決‧酬賞系統：聽眾對於終止式的情緒反應

聆聽音樂所產生的情緒反應以及腦部的活化，一直是學者與普羅大眾相當關切的議題。2011年初，Salimpoor等神經科學家所發表的〈音樂情緒巔峰的期待與體驗，導致了多巴胺在不同腦區的釋放〉一文，首度指出聆賞音樂可能牽涉到的兩種情緒：「渴望」，與繼之而來的「樂在其中」。本文希望結合樂曲分析與聽者的生理反應數據，探討音樂終止式中的「渴望」與「樂在其中」如何引起聽眾的情緒與感動。從臺灣流行歌曲與德文藝術歌曲可以觀察到以下現象：第一，有些終止式確實較能引發聽者的巔峰情緒（由膚電反應所顯示），但此情緒發生的時間點則視狀況而異；第二，終止式需要被渲染，才能夠有效引發聽者的巔峰情緒，渲染方式包括速度與力度的變化、旋律線的走勢，並搭配材料的重複出現；第三，同一首樂曲的不同詮釋，對於聽者可以造成不同的情緒反應。

關鍵字

情緒心理學；音樂終止式；副歌；德文藝術歌曲；膚電反應

並列摘要

Research on the emotional responses and brain activations evoked by music has been a topic of great academic and public interest. The paper ”Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music” by Salimpoor and colleagues (2011) suggests the involvement of two emotions during music listening: ”wanting” and ”liking”. Inspired by their research, the present study attempts to combine music analysis and listeners' physiological measures to explore the listening behavior of musical cadences, which may evoke the emotions of ”wanting” and ”liking”. Using popular songs in Taiwan and Lieder as stimuli, we observed that some cadences tend to induce listeners' experience of peak emotion (as indicated by skin conductance responses), with the timing of such experiences varying across individuals. Moreover, cadences with the combination of changes in tempo/loudness, characteristic melodic contour, or the recurrence of a theme tend to evoke listeners' peak experience. Finally, different interpretations of the same music piece can evoke different emotional responses in listeners.

並列關鍵字

Affective psychology ； musical cadence ； refrain ； Lieder ； skin conductance response

參考文獻

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