追尋「共和主義」的斷裂點─倫理、法權、制度的三層次分析架構底檢驗

理論上「憲政共和」（Constitutional Republicanism）與「民主共和」（Democratic Republicanism）乃同時作為「共和主義」（Republicanism）的次類型。然而若重新依循「共和主義」發展脈絡而理解其內在架構與理路後，將會發現「民主共和」與「共和主義」傳統之間，可能存在著一個嚴重的理路斷裂問題。亦即一個融合「基進民主原則」（The Principle of Radical Democracy）於「共和主義」（Republicanism）中轉化而出的「民主共和」，可能存在著足以造成共和主義內在邏輯體系崩解的致命斷裂點。而追尋此一「共和主義」斷裂點即為本文之要旨。

關鍵字

共和主義；民主共和；憲政共和；共和制；基進民主

並列摘要

In theory, ”Constitutional Republicanism” and ”Democratic Republicanism” are sub-type of Republicanism at the same time. But when we are serious to re-follow the development context of Republicanism and understand the internal logic, then, we will find a great problem of logical contradiction-The Principle of Radical Democracy combines in Republicanism which is coming into Democratic Republicanism. The existence is sufficient to totally collapse the Republicanism logical system. The contradiction point is ”Direct-Democracy”. Therefore, firstly, this dissertation is going to differentiate the Republicanism to be three arrangements of ideas-Metaphysic, Right, Constitutional structure-which is the Analytical framework. Under the Analytical framework, I am going to explain Aristotle, Cicero, Scholasticism, Humanists, Neo-Roman Theory, Kant, Montesquieu and Federalists whose description of the Republicanism. They finish the intension of three arrangements of ideas of the Republicanism together. Secondly, this dissertation is emphasize to link three arrangements of internal ideas of the Republicanism and the logic changing between three arrangements of ideas. And then I will put Rousseau's Democratic Republicanism into the analytical framework of three arrangements of ideas of the Republicanism to test it. Finally, we will see clearly that The Principle of Radical Democracy of Rousseau's Democratic Republicanism will collapse the logical system of the Republicanism which is going to be the fatal contradiction point of the Republicanism.