- 期刊
對戰實力愈接近現場觀眾會愈多嗎？職業運動的系統性文獻回顧
Would the Closer the Game Attract More Attendance? A Systematic Literature Review of Professional Sports
摘要
目的：基於Rottenberg所提出的對戰實力接近對現場觀賞人數正面影響的假定，本研究以系統性文獻回顧方式對此議題進行深入解析。主要透過競爭平衡所導引出的結果不確定來瞭解對戰實力接近對現場觀眾人數的影響。研究方法：以國內、外5個資料庫鍵入中、西文關鍵詞進行搜尋，初步獲得1,098篇文獻。透過與本研究主題有關的排除納入機制篩選後計得61篇文獻，並依文獻特徵、文獻方法議題、對戰實力接近的影響和其他戰對因素進行登錄與解析。結果：不論是以短期、中期，抑或是長期測量的實證研究發現，有較多是不支持對戰實力接近對現場觀眾人數正面影響的假定，也就是實力接近這個變項對現場觀賞人數來說並不是那麼的重要。另結果的考驗也會受到運動項目、測量方式和模型估計方法所影響。結論：從本研究所得結果來看，對戰實力接近的比賽並不一定可以吸引更多的觀眾進場觀賞比賽，此結果與Rottenberg所提出的假定相違。根據所得之結果，本研究也從實務和未來研究兩方面提出可行的建議。
並列摘要
Purpose: The presumption by Rottenberg on "the closer the game attracts more attendance" was analyzed through a systematic review of relevant literature. Mainly through the uncertainty of the outcome induced by the competitive balance to understand the effects. Method: Five international and local databases were selected to identify the suitable studies. 1,098 previous works were found in the preliminary phase. Reporting followed PRISMA conventions for systematic reviews. 61 studies of them were selected for further analysis, including characteristics and methodological aspects of the previous research, the effect of the competitive balance, and other factors based on their relevance to this research. Results: The findings of this existing study showed that the majority of earlier studies did not support Rotttenberg's assumption regardless of the duration selected by these studies. In other words, the closeness of the two teams on the field was not a significant factor in attendance. Also, several variables, including the definition of the closeness on the field, the measurement method, and module estimation, had an influence on the findings. Conclusion: From the results of this study, the closer the game may not be necessary to attract more attendance. Suitable suggestions from two aspects of the selection of the variables and spectatorship-type were presented for academic communities as well as practitioners in the future.