知覺父母衝突溝通模式對青少年生活適應的影響：探討衝突情緒調控策略的中介效果

The Effect of Perceived Parental Conflict Communication on Adolescents' Life Adaptation: The Different Emotional Regulation Strategies as Mediators

吳志文(Wu, Chih-Wen) ； 葉光輝(Yeh, Kuang-Hui) ； 何文澤(Ho, Wen-Tso)

《人類發展與家庭學報》 20期 (2019/12) Pp. 24-63

https://doi.org/10.6246/JHDFS.201912_(20).0002

摘要

本研究旨在驗證親子衝突中，知覺父母採取的支持性與防衛性溝通模式對青少年生活適應（親子關係滿意度、整體生活滿意度、身心症狀）的影響，並探討青少年採取不同衝突情緒調控策略（重新評估、壓抑、適當表達）的中介效果。經結構方程模型（structural equation modeling）分析1,104筆臺灣青少年（平均年齡15.96歲，標準差0.35歲；女性占58.2%）所提供間隔約六個月跨兩個時間點的調查資料，結果顯示：（1）知覺父母支持性衝突溝通對青少年親子關係滿意度、整體生活滿意度有顯著正向效果；（2）知覺父母防衛性衝突溝通對青少年親子關係滿意度有顯著負向效果、對身心症狀有顯著正向效果；（3）知覺父母支持性衝突溝通透過重新評估情緒調控策略，對整體生活滿意度具正向顯著的中介效果、對身心症狀具負向顯著的中介效果；（4）知覺父母支持性衝突溝通透過適當表達情緒調控策略，對親子關係滿意度與整體生活滿意度皆具正向顯著中介效果、對身心症狀具負向顯著的中介效果；（5）知覺父母防衛性衝突溝通透過壓抑衝突情緒調控，對身心症狀具負向顯著的中介效果；以及（6）前述各項發現在父子、父女、母子、母女四種親子關係模型中會有所差異。最後討論各項研究發現、限制與未來方向，以及可供實務工作者參考的建議。

關鍵字

父母支持性衝突溝通 ； 父母防衛性衝突溝通 ； 青少年生活適應 ； 衝突情緒調控策略 ； 親子衝突

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of perceived parental supportive and defensive communication on adolescents' life adaptation (i.e., parent-child relationship satisfaction, life satisfaction, and mental symptoms) in parent-child conflicts, and to investigate the mediating effect of different strategies which adolescents adopt to manage their negative emotions (i.e., reappraisal, suppression, and proper voicing). By adopting structural equation modeling to analyze 1,104 data collected from Taiwanese adolescents (mean age = 15.96 years old, SD = 0.35 years; female account for 58.2%) who completed two questionnaires at intervals of six months, the results indicate: (1) The effect of perceived parental supportive communication is positively significant on parent-child relationship satisfaction and adolescents' life satisfaction. (2) The effect of perceived parental defensive communication is negatively significant on parent-child relationship satisfaction but positively significant on adolescents' mental symptoms. (3) Through reappraisal strategy as a mediator, the indirect effect of perceived parental supportive communication is positively significant on life satisfaction but negatively significant on adolescents' mental symptoms. (4) Through proper voicing strategy as a mediator, the indirect effect of perceived parental supportive communication is positively significant on both parent-child relationship satisfaction and adolescents' life satisfaction. (5) Through suppression strategy as a mediator, the indirect effect of perceived parental defensive communication is positively significant on adolescents' mental symptoms. (6) These findings abovementioned are different in the four parent-child dyad models (i.e., father-son, father-daughter, mother-son, and mother-daughter). This study finally discussed the implications of the findings, the limitations and future directions, as well as recommendations for practical workers.

並列關鍵字

adolescents' life adaptation ； emotional regulation strategy in conflict ； parental defensive communication ； parental supportive communication ； parent-adolescent conflict

參考文獻

Klimes-Dougan, B., Brand, A. E., Zahn-Waxler, C., Usher, B., Hastings, P. D., Kendziora, K., & Garside, R. B. (2007). Parental emotion socialization in adolescence: Differences in sex, age and problem status. Social Development, 16, 326–342. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00387.x

Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217–237. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). NY: Guilford Publication.

Kwan, K. L. K. (2000). Counseling Chinese peoples: Perspectives of filial piety. Asian Journal of Counselling, 7(1), 23-41.