台東湧水圳棲地特性及多樣性生態工法之應用

Habitat Features and Application of Diversity Eco-engineering Methods of Fountain Canal in Taitung

陳豐文(Feng-Wen Chen) ； 陳獻(Shinne Chen) ； 黃勝頂(Shen-Ting Huang) ； 蔡西銘(Shi-Ming Tsai)

《先進工程學刊》 3卷4期 (2008/10) Pp. 297-306

https://doi.org/10.29948/JAE.200810.0006

摘要

本文以臺東湧水圳為研究對象，利用5種生物多樣性指標依據2006年4次生物調查資料進行湧水圳農水路棲地及生物資源分佈特性之評估。分析結果顯示生物數量分佈以上游區域最高，並往下游遞減；魚類的物種分佈平均，蝦蟹類及水生昆蟲類則由上游往下游呈現物種豐富度下降趨勢。蝦蟹之優勢物種為拉氏清溪蟹、粗糙沼蝦，魚類優勢物種為台灣馬口魚、粗首鱲等，水生昆蟲之單一優勢物種為搖蚊科；水質經以生物調查結果簡易評定為輕度污染水體。其次本文針對湧水型水路不封底的特性，以卵石及植生等天然材料為主體之多樣性生態工法，作為農水路以生態維護理念進行必要工程更新改善之建議。其中包括砌石工法、打樁編柵工法、草溝、護岸水制工等4種護岸工法及拱型砌石固床工、拋石工法等2種底棲工法，以營造水流流況多樣性及適合生物棲息之水路環境；農水路以生態工法改造仍須保有原有安全性、灌溉及排洪功能，因此護岸及底棲卵石經安定性分析後皆達安全標準、灌溉及排洪能力。經HEC-RAS模擬後顯示：上述工法營造之農水路渠段皆可達成輸送5倍灌溉水量及具備10年降雨頻率1日排出之排洪能力；顯現生態工法之應用，透過材料選用、工法設計、棲地營造、功能性檢定之程序，可達成一般慣用混凝土工法所無法達成之多目標功能。

關鍵字

生態工法 ； 湧水型農水路 ； 棲地特性 ； 生物指標 ； 水理模擬

並列摘要

In this research, a fountain type canal in Tai-tung area is selected to be investigated as a target channel called fountain canal. There are 3 discussions in habitat characteristics, improvement working and hydraulic analysis addressed up in this article. First, there are 5 biotic indices to evaluate the habitat and creature characteristics in fountain type canal. According to 4 times biology investigation data in 2006, the results show that a trend in distribution of the quantity of creatures which presents decrease from upstream to downstream. The species of fish goes average distribution; the shrimp, crab and aquatic insect species have a trend in abundance toward up and down depended on the canal from upstream to downstream. The dominance species in shrimp and crab are Candidiopotamon ratbbuni and Macrobrachium asperulum. The only most dominance species in aquatic insect is Chironomidae. And the most dominance in the species of fish is Candidia barbata and Zacco pachycephalus. Regarding to water quality in canal by biotic survey, it is determined in light pollution. Secondly, the basic aim of non- sealing in the bottom of canal is to present the characteristics. There are many biodiversity canal constructions in the natural materials mentioned in the concept of ecology maintaining. For example, bank revetments are including boulder revetments, staking and wattling works, grass revetment and groyne; groundsill works of bottom constructions are arched stone-paved grounsill and riprap works to create suitable diversity environment for aquatic habitat. However, canals need to maintain their original irrigation and drainage abilities. Finally, with hydraulic simulating to 10 years flood frequency in 1 day inflow and 5 times irrigation quantities by HEC-RAS the results prove that the working methods in ecological engineering could contain the conveyances. And concerning to safety strength of bank protecting and the channel basement stone-size, they both pass through to the safety checking. Therefore, the processes of functional check such as materials selection, working methods designs and habitat create show that the applications of ecological engineering reveal the more multiple functions than conventional engineering in concrete materials.

並列關鍵字

eco-engineering method ； fountain type canal ； habitat features ； biotic index and hydraulic simulation