An optical inspection system with simple optical arrangements for rapid measurement of recrystallization characterization and grain size of poly-Si thin films is developed in this study. The recrystallization characterization of the sample after excimer laser annealing can be easily manifested directly by the profile of peak power density distribution. The relation between the maximum grain size of poly-Si thin films and transmission of the optical measurements is investigated, which is found to coincide with the observation by field-emission scanning electron microscopy.