This article is aimed to develop an autonomous performing robot using image recognition technology to identify musical notes and musical scales on music scores such that a real musical instrument can be played through a special-designed structure. In order to play the recorder, LabVIEW system design software will be used to conduct optical character recognition (OCR) calculation and image recognition. Meanwhile, the recognition results will be translated into corresponding signals such that the servo motor can be controlled by Arduino microchips. Moreover, customized humanoid fingers are designed to imitate the human way to play a recorder. The experimental results indicate the practicality of the image recognition for autonomous fluted music boxes. In the future, this work can be extended to the development of teaching aids and other intelligent automatic musical instruments.