The paper briefly reviews the urbanization, including highway construction, impact on the hydrology and aquatic ecosystem. The emphasis is to discuss recent advances in various engineering measures, i.e., best management practices or BMPs, which would help mitigate the negative impacts and help restore the aquatic biological integrity. These BMPs include vegetative practices such as bioretention cells, grassed swales, and constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the low impact development (LID) practices, which are gaining nationwide adaptation in recent years. Such BMPs can be integrated into the landscape and therefore also offer aesthetic benefits. The paper also discusses a number of issues that needed to be addressed before a full watershed implementation of BMPs in Taiwan.