我國非典型勞工退休經濟安全研究

The Study of Atypical Labor's Security for Retirement Economy in Taiwan

林淑惠

《北市教大社教學報》 12期 (2013/12) Pp. 259-290

摘要

國際金融海嘯後，我國景氣低迷，就業市場狀況也不盡理想。尤其在產業外移、彈性勞動措施與服務業興起等因素下，我國非典型勞工人數日益增加。除此，高齡少子化造成年金財務失衡。正在進行的年金改革將使得未來退休的勞工面臨保險費率提高，年金給付降低與延後退休年齡等挑戰。因此，專家呼籲勞工應提高自己的儲蓄比例，提早進行退休經濟準備，才能安享經濟適足的晚年。但由於非典型勞工在薪資、就業保障、貧窮風險方面，均較全時正職工作者不利，對於老年經濟準備更加艱辛。本研究針對我國非典型就業勞工，透過文獻分析與訪談，探討其就業處境與老年經濟安全問題，研究發現：一、非典型就業者的職場待遇常劣於一般正職者。二、我國非典型就業勞工退休經濟準備不足。三、年金保障、家庭支持與個人理財知能是非典型勞工退休經濟準備的關鍵。本研究建議：一、政府應落實勞動檢查，加強非典型就業權益保障。二、政府年金改革應保障非典型勞工，並實施老年照護。三、強化非典型勞工理財知能，重視家庭責任，降低福利依賴因素。

關鍵字

非典型勞工 ； 工作貧窮 ； 退休經濟安全

並列摘要

Since the international financial crisis of 2008, economic recession, the labor market situation is also not ideal. Manufacturers relocation, labor flexibility and the rise of Services Industry increased the atypical labor. Low birth rate and more elderly made financial imbalances of the labor pension. Government is actively reforming the pension fund. Workers are going to face the situations of ＂pay more＂, ＂get less＂ and ＂retire elder＂. Therefore, many experts proposed labor increase savings and plan ahead for retirement economy. However, many atypical workers faced with inadequate protection, such as wages, labor condition and security. They also confront higher poverty risk to compare with full-time workers. Under the circumstance, it is more difficult for them to save money for old-age. This study explores the situation and economic security of elderly for atypical workers through a literature analysis and interviews, and found: 1. Treatment of atypical employment in the workplace often worse than the general principal worker 2. The financial preparation for old-age of atypical workers was insufficient. 3. Retirement pension, family support and personal finance planning are key factors for atypical labor to satisfy the economic need of old-age. The study also suggests: 1. Government should implement labor inspection, strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of atypical employment. 2. Government pension reform should protect atypical workers. Besides, implementation of eldercare would be helpful for people. 3. Atypical workers should strengthen financial management, take the responsibilities of family to reduce welfare dependency factor.

並列關鍵字

Atypical labor ； working poverty ； retirement economic security.