大規模空間建築物避難模擬評估之研究－以大型展覽館為例

The Evacuate Simulation and Evalution for Exploration of Large-Scale Space Building-A Case Study of Large Exhibition Building

江崇誠(Chung-Cheng Jiang) ； 馬瑩珊(Ying-Shan Ma)

《中華建築學刊》 3卷1期 (2007/05) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.6371/CHJA.200705.0001

摘要

由於經濟蓬勃發展，都市人口集中，建築物逐漸朝向大規模化發展，此類建築物因內部空間大，易造成避難時間增長，發生火災容易擴大延燒，加上可容納大量的人員，逃生時容易形成滯留，造成的生命財產難以估計。
近年建築物防火評估多使用電腦為火災模擬評估之輔助工具，而軟體的使用皆有其適用性與操作上的限制，故本研究將軟體的資料整理進行分類，再考量獲取軟體之難易和目前軟體應用之層面，並依照本研究案例之特性，選擇building EXODUS作為本研究之模擬評估工具。
消防法第13條規定一定規模以上供公眾使用建築物，應由管理權人，遴用防火管理人，責其製定消防防護計畫，並在消防法施行細則第十三條所稱消防防護計畫之內文中提及，在火災及其他災害發生時，應包含人員避難引導計畫，而本研究案例之內部收容人員達6萬多人，且多數集中在展覽場，約佔全作總人數之90%，故避難模擬評估以一樓與四樓之展覽空間為主。再經由各種不同避難模擬條件及評估結果得知，一樓與四樓在分區避難與人員避難引導之條件下，人員逃生避難之效益皆較無分區避難之情境下為佳，其中四樓部份之差異又較一樓顯著。其主要原因為一樓地面層可直接通往外部安全區域，且出口寬度足夠，無造成人員迴堵之現象，反之四樓因受樓梯寬度限制，加上人員若不分區同時往各方向進行避難，則易使部份樓梯因人員疏散壅塞而產生滯留現象，導致避難時間延長。由此可知，經本研究理論計算量化評估結果，證明了避難誘導對於人員逃生疏散是有效益的。

關鍵字

大規模空間建築物 ； Building EXODUS ； 避難模擬

並列摘要

Due to the booming development of economy, the population of city is concentrated and buildings trend to large-scale gradually, because of the inner space in this kind of building is big, so makes the evacuation time increasing and fire extending easily. In addition to this kind of building can contain a great amount of people, so it could generate detention easily when people take evacuation, and generate inestimable damage to the lives and property.
Recently, many developed countries sequentially using computer model to evaluate the evacuation safety in building, but using these software still get some onditionality on its' applicability and manipulation. Therefore, this research compiles data of software and assort those information at first, then considers how difficult to acquire those softwares and their applications. Finally, according to the attributes of this case chooseing building EXODUS to be the evaluate tool.
The Fire Law 13th stipulate that public building(above certain scale) should fram fire drill programs, including inducer. In this case, people could up to 60 thousand, and 90% of people all concentrate in the exhibition space, so regard the first floor and fourth floors as the main place to calculate by this research. Through calculateing many kinds of setting situations, it shows that zonary evacuation is better for evacuate people, in this case, the 4th floor conspicuously. That's because people in 1th floor can go out of building directly, and the width of all exits is wide enough that won't cause congestion. On the other hand, people in 4th floor might because of the conditionality in the width of staircase then cause serious congestion. Thus it may be known that induction is good for people to evacuate.

並列關鍵字

Large-scale spatial building ； Building EXODUS ； Simulate Evacuation