天臺宗與茶禪的關係

本文主要著重天臺禪觀與茶禪掌故的考察，企圖證明「茶禪一味」在中國天臺宗與茶禪發展中，已然成形。天臺禪法重視由定生慧，品茗助於修止觀、調五事，使三昧易生。由於天臺山同時為天臺宗與羅漢供茶的發源地，且天臺山國清寺為日本與韓國天臺宗及茶禪發源的祖庭，觀察中、日、韓詩歌中，均發現大量以羅漢供茶與茶湯乳花神蹟吟詠茶禪。因此本文以天臺宗與茶禪的關係為論，全文分五節，第一節考察茶禪的由來，論「茶禪一味」與「點茶三昧」的特色；第二節談天臺茶禪掌故，並觀察天臺禪觀與茶禪的關係；第三節從唐宋天臺禪師與文士詩作，呈現天臺茶禪樣貌；第四節論天臺茶禪對日韓的影響，第五節結論。

關鍵字

天臺宗；茶經；茶禪；茶禪一味；羅漢供茶

並列摘要

This essay attempts to identify the concept of ”common taste in tea-drinking and Zen” in the evolution of Chinese Tiantai Sect and Zen from tea. Chinese Tiantai Sect believes the peace in mind to be the foundation of wisdom, and uses tea-drinking as a way of cultivating calm observations, managing five chores and inducing Samadhi. The cult of tea-offering to Arhats started in Tiantai Mountain, which is also the birthplace of Chinese Tiantai Sect; Kuo-ching Temple of Tiantai Mountain is regarded as the origin by the Japanese and Korean Tiantai Sects. In poems from China, Japan and Korea there are many examples about the cult of tea-offering to Arhats, citing the divine phenomenon of words appearing in tea broth. To explore the relationship between Tiantai Sect and the Tea Zen, this essay is composed of five sections: Section One reviews the origin of Tea Zen and discusses the concept of ”common taste in tea-drinking and Zen”, as well as the concept of ”Dien Cha Samadhi”; Section Two reviews anecdotes of Tiantai Tea Zen to explore the connection between the Tiantai Sect and the Tea Zen; Section Three exemplifies Tiantai Tea Zen through poems by scholars and Zen masters from Tang Dynasty and Sung Dynasty; Section Four discusses the influence of Tiantai Tea Zen to Japan and Korea; Section Five concludes the essay.