我國行政與立法關係之研究－憲法本文與現行制度之比較

A Study of Executive vs. Legislative Authorities in R.O.C.-Comparison of the Constitution Text and Current System

潘彥豪(Yen-Hau Pan)

《蘭陽學報》 6期 (2007/06) Pp. 113-126

https://doi.org/10.6665/JLYIT.2007.6.113

摘要

行政權與立法權的互動是現代國家政治運作的基礎，依其運作模式的不同，可將世界上的國家歸納為不同的憲政制度，內閣制與總統制為最常見的兩種型態，另外尚有在內閣制與總統制間「換軌」的雙首長制。
我國憲法本文對行政權與立法權互動的規範，具有部份內閣制的精神，卻也具有部分半總統制的特徵。自西元1991年至2004年，我國歷經了七階段的修憲，憲政制度已逐漸偏離議會內閣制，除雙首長制的特徵愈形明顯外，在實際的運作上，更有朝向總統制傾斜的趨向，甚至也已超越了以美國為典型的總統制，這也使得行政權與立法權的互動與憲法本文中的規定產生了明顯的不同，同時也可能帶來新的問題與挑戰。

關鍵字

憲法 ； 行政權 ； 立法權 ； 內閣制 ； 總統制 ； 雙首長制

並列摘要

The interaction between executive power and legislative power is the foundation of a modern state's political operation. According to the operation pattern differences, we can categorize various states into different politics systems: the Presidentialism and the Parliamentarism, which are the most common types.
In addition, a Two-Headed Executive also exists, which is an alteration between Presidentialism and Parliamentarism.
In a partial Parliamentarism's spirit, the ROC's Constitution text regulates the interaction between Executive power and Legislative power; however, it also reveals partial characteristics of Two-Headed Executive. From 1991 to 2005, there were seven stages in Constitutional Reform in our country. Our politics system has gradually diverged from Parliamentarism to a more obvious Two-Headed Executive. In the practical work, it is closer to Presidentialism, even more so compared to the States, the model of the Presidentialism. Therefore the interaction between Executive power and Legislative power has appeared divergent from the Constitution text, and creates potential new questions and challenges.

並列關鍵字

constitution ； executive power ； legislative power ； presidentialism ； parliamentarism ； two-headed executive

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