從〈三吏〉、〈三別〉看杜甫的“個性”－以梁啟超“個性”說為探索中心

梁啟超文藝批評中的「個性」說認為，作品必須具備「不共」與「真」兩種條件，才能體現出文學家的「個性」。本文即以梁氏之說為中心理論，參酌中西學者之意見，從〈三吏〉、〈三別〉中窺見杜甫的「個性」。杜甫運用「半寫實派」的寫作手法，在真情流露與客觀描寫之間取得平衡。他以同情心為橋梁，使自己與筆下人物的精神相契合，將文藝創作與安史之亂下的社會與人生相聯繫，印證「真即是美」的道理。杜甫之所以被梁啟超尊為「情聖」，在於他的作品能夠抒寫出豐富、真實、深刻的情感。他常用直率的語句來表情，但不是亳無節制的情感宣洩；他描繪社會黑暗與人生苦痛，試圖使大眾與自己得到情感的抒發與心靈的撫慰。經由本文的論述，將有助於瞭解梁啟超「情感教育」的要義以及杜甫〈三吏〉、〈三別〉的藝術成就。

關鍵字

梁啟超；情感教育；個性說；杜甫；三吏；三別

並列摘要

A theory of personality contended by Liang Qi-chao, believes that the works must have ”un-copy” and ”real” those two terms. Therefore, it can represent the personality of literary authors. This essay, is based on the theory of Liang Qi-chao, refer to the opinions of Chinese and Western scholars, to analyze Du Fu's personality from the three government officials' and farewells' poems. Du Fu makes use of a manner of ”half writing realistically”, to balance the ture emotions and objectivity. He combines himself with the characters' spirit, and links up the works with the society under the war of An Shi by sympathy, just because it will prove the truth of ”Ture is beautiful”. Du Fu is called ”Qing Sheng” by Liang Qi-chao just because his poems can express a rich, truly and deeply emotions. He uses forthright sentences to show emotions, but not unleash emotions with no control. He describes the dark side of society and the pain of people, and tries to comfort himself and people. Through this essay, it will help us understanding the viewpoint of Liang Qi-chao's ”The education of emotions” and the art achievement of Du Fu's three government officials' and farewells' poems.