美國大學排名及其高等教育國際表現之省思

美國是一個多元融合的社會，並且嚮往自由開放、公平之核心價值，以致於聯邦政府對於大學賦予學術自由與自主的權利。面對高等教育市場的多元化，官方並無統一檢核大學表現之指標，民間則興起對大學的排名風潮，舉凡《辜曼報告》(Gourman Report)、《普林斯頓評論》(The Princeton Review)、《華盛頓郵報》(Washington Monthly)和《美國新聞與世界報導》(U.S. News &World Report) 皆對美國大學進行排名。尤其，廣為人知的《美國新聞與世界報導》，更於1983 年開始設美國大學排行榜，其指標包括同僚評價、學院資源、財政資源、校友捐贈及畢業率表現等。因此，本文首先探討盛行於美國大學排名現象；其次，檢視大學排名的相關指標與大學排名之功能；接續，高等教育國際表現，以OECD國際比較數據為依據，探討美國在OECD國家中高等教育的表現。再則，探討美國大學排名與學校表現對我國的啟示。最後，提出相關之結語，以供教育相關單位參考。

關鍵字

美國；大學排名；學校表現；高等教育； OECD

並列摘要

United State is pluralism merged society. People look forward to freedom, openness and equality of central value. The federal government entrusts the university to the academic freedom and independent right. Facing the pluralism of the higher education market, the official government has no united standard to examine the university performance. But, some non-governmental institutions begin to rank the university, such as Gourman Report, The Princeton Review, Washington Monthly, and U.S. News & World Report. Especially, 'U.S. News & World Report' ranked America University from 1983 and gathered data from each college for up to 15 indicators of academic excellence. Each factor is assigned a weight that reflects our judgment about how much a measure matters. Therefore, the researcher in this paper firstly inquired ranking phenomenon in the United State. Secondly, the researcher discussed the related ranking indicators and ranking function. Thirdly, the author analyzed United State higher education rankings in OECD countries. Fourthly, this paper addressed the reflection of America university ranking and school performance. Finally, the researcher addressed some conclusions to related education institutes for reference.