武昌起義後清政府的危機處理及其失控

清宣統三年（1911年）八月十九日（10月10日）武昌起義後，清政府立即危機處理是派陸軍大臣廕昌統率新軍二鎮馳赴武漢平亂，廕昌號令不行，清政府乃於八月二十三日（10月14日）起用已被罷黜的袁世凱為湖廣總督。九月初六日（10月27日）授袁世凱為欽差大臣，節制湖北前線海陸各軍。九月九日（10月30日）袁世凱才離開彰德，出發赴武漢督師，九月十一日（11月2日）袁世凱的北洋軍即佔領漢口。這是清政府後續危機處理的成效。同時，清政府的財政困難，導致中央對地方的控制力減弱，也使政府的維持愈來愈困難。九月十一日（11月1日）清政府准內閣總理大臣奕劻辭職，改授袁世凱為內閣總理大臣，九月二十三日（11月13日）袁世凱到達北京後，清政府後續危機處理即失控。袁世凱首先控制軍權，解除清廷的自衛武力，逼迫監國攝政王載灃退位，利用軍隊勒索親貴，榨取皇室財產，最後利用軍隊威脅逼迫清帝退位。武昌起義後，清政府的危機處理是重新起用已被罷黜的袁世凱，袁世凱一步一步取得大權後，反而利用軍隊威脅逼迫清帝於十二月二十五日（1912年2月12日）退位。清政府後續危機處理的失控，清朝遂告滅亡。

關鍵字

武昌起義；清政府；危機處理；袁世凱；清朝滅亡

並列摘要

The Wuchang Uprising broke out on August 19, 1911. After the Wuchang Uprising, the Qing government dispatched two divisions New Army commanding by the military minister Yin Chang, to go to the city of Wuhan to suppress the rebellion. Yin Chang can not command the New Army. The Qing government employed Yuan Shikai previously dismissed as Governor-General of Hubei and Hunan on August 23, and then as Imperial Commissioner in charge of all china's armies on September 6.At the same time, the Qing government was suffering from financial difficulties led to the control from central to local government weaken, and the maintenance of the government increasingly difficulty. The Qing government permitted the Prime Minister Yih Kuang resigned on September 11, and appointed Yuan Shikai to be the Prime Minister. After Yuan Shikai arrived at Peking on September 23, he controlled the military power first, removed the defence forces from the Qing court. He compelled the prince regent Tzay Feng abdicated the throne. He utilized armed forces to extort money from the royal kinsmen, and to extract the property from the royal household, and to compel the emperor abdicated the throne finally.The crisis handle of the Qing government was employed Yuan Shikai previously dismissed. After Yuan Shikai gained the great power gradually, he utilized armed forces to compel the Qing emperor Puyi abdicated the throne, and the Qing dynasty fall finally.