高效率電器設備推廣政策研析：以熱泵系統為例

The Study of High-Efficiency Electrical Appliance's Promotion Strategy: Exemplified by Heat Pump System

呂錫民

《冷凍空調與能源科技雜誌》 83期 (2013/10) Pp. 66-80

摘要

從上一世紀的能源危機，到本世紀的氣候變遷，在全球感受到節能減碳的氛圍下，各國無不以提升能源效率作為施政要點，尤其針對國內耗電量占三分之一的電器設備，政府已經實施一連串的獎勵補助措施，產品對象包括：照明、電視、冰箱、瓦斯爐、熱水器等等。事實上，為了追求更舒服的生活條件，人們對電器設備的需求係有增無減，尤其是為了調適氣候變遷，對空調設備的倚賴更是逐日增加。地理位置上，台灣是一個亞熱帶國家，在炎炎夏日，更無法不使用冷氣，據統計，台灣空調用電量約占尖峰用電量的四成，在用電量不斷增加的情況下，為了維持一定的備載容量率，以穩定供電，避免因缺電而跳電，電力公司需要不斷建造電廠，其所引發的重大社會與環保事件，屢見不鮮，核四就是最佳寫照，由此更顯現政府推動節約能源政策的重要性，依據台灣如此特殊用電結構，我們更應推廣高效率的空調系統。由於熱泵具有超優異的空調性能，因此我們從基本應用原理介紹開始，分析熱泵的超高效率與節能功效，至最後經由國內外推廣策略的分析比較，歸納出我國高效率電器設備應有的獎勵補助措施，以作為政府相關部門制定能源政策之參考方向與實施策略。

關鍵字

熱泵 ； 電器設備 ； 獎勵補助辦法 ； 空調

並列摘要

From the energy crisis in 20th century to the global climate change nowadays, amid the atmosphere of energy conservation, there is no country in this world having not taken the energy efficiency as his energy policy. Especially in Taiwan, the electric appliance's energy use accounts for one third of the domestic energy use, so the Government has implemented a series of incentive subsidy measures for the high-efficiency electric appliance, including lighting, television, refrigerator, gas stove, water heater and so on. Indeed, in order to pursue more comfortable living conditions, people's demand for electrical appliance is unabated. Particularly for the adaptation to climate change, the reliance on air conditioning equipment is increasing day by day. Geographically, Taiwan is a subtropical country. In the hot summer, air conditioning is indispensable. According to statistics, Taiwan's air conditioning electricity use accounts for about 40% of peak power load. In order to maintain a fixed power reserve rate, the power companies have to build many power plants compulsorily to avoid power shortages, which bring significant social and environmental events, especially for the case of nuclear power plant. Obviously, it is a very important policy for Government to promote energy conservation. As for the particularity of Taiwan's power structure, it is absolutely necessary for Government to promote high-efficiency air-conditioning system. On this aspect, due to the super excellent performance of heat pump, in this article, first of all, from introducing the basic application principle, secondary, through analyzing premium efficiency in the performance of energy saving, finally, to comparing the domestic and international marketing strategies, we analytically summarize the merits of incentive-and-subsidy measures for high-efficiency electrical equipment, which could be served as a direction for the government departments to formulate the energy policy and implement the relevant measures.

並列關鍵字

Heat pumps ； Electrical appliance ； Incentive and subsidy measure ； Air conditioning