高效率馬達的推廣與使用

Promotion and Utilization of High Efficient Motor

呂錫民

《冷凍空調與能源科技雜誌》 84期 (2013/12) Pp. 46-56

摘要

近幾年來，全球馬達市場一直在持續穩定成長當中，在2012年，全球馬達市場產值約有453億美金，依據估算，在2007年至2012年之間，平均年成長率達到2.7%。工業馬達是一項十分重要的能源消耗指標，追隨著歐盟的腳步，大部份的工業先進國家已經實施馬達能源效率規範。例如，自從2010年年末以來，美國已經實施了NEMA（National Electrical Manufacturers Association）標準，這是相當於IE3極佳水平。目前，IE4（超佳水平）也已經同時規範出來了。另外，歐盟同時規定：從2011年6月16日以後，所有列管的馬達效率皆應在IE2標準效率水平之上，同時，預計在2015年至2017年之間，實施IE3馬達效率規範。由於耗電量占全球的40－50%，感應馬達遂成為必須符合高效率標準的重要要求對象。目前，直流無刷馬達是馬達業界最重要的研發項目，其研發技術包括：馬達設計最佳化、矽鋼薄片電磁性強化、永磁場特性推廣、繞線技術以及電控技術改善等等，這些研發項目都需要經由馬達產業上、中、下游來一起來共同努力加以完成。由於節能減碳議題的風行以及高能源價格時代的來臨，使得高效率馬達快速發展與流行，傳統馬達產業必須善加利用此等情勢，積極進行轉型以免錯過龐大的商機。

關鍵字

高效率馬達 ； 效率標準 ； 工業節能

並列摘要

The global motor market has been enjoying stable growth in recent years. In 2012, the estimated worldwide motor market value was about US$ 45.3 billion with average annual compound growth rate of 2.7% during 2007-2012. Industrial motors are an important energy consumption index. Most developed countries have implemented energy efficiency regulations similar to that of the European Union. For example, the United States has adopted the NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) standard (equivalent to IE3 premium level) since the end of 2010. Currently, the Super Premium IE4 has also been formulated. The EU has clearly stipulated that the efficiency of motors listed for regulation should not be less than IE2 since 16 June 2011. Meanwhile, IE3 is scheduled for implementation in phases during 2015-2017. Induction motor that is credited for 40-50% global total electricity consumption becomes the major appliance required high efficiency standards. Currently, the research and technical development of DC brushless motors is the most popular program in the motor industry. The R&D items include: the optimization of motor design, the electromagnetic enhancement of silicon steel sheets, the feature promotion of permanent magnetic field, the wire-winding technology modification, as well as the improvements in electronic control technology, etc., which are the all R&D goals needed to be achieved by the motor manufacturers in the upper, middle and low streams. The emerging issues of energy saving and carbon reductions, as well as the approaching of high energy price era, have led to the rapid development and popularization of high efficiency motors. Traditional motor manufacturers can make the best of the situation by actively transforming themselves to seize the huge business opportunities.

並列關鍵字

High-efficiency motor ； Efficiency standard ； Industrial energy conservation