難生物分解性廢水處理技術與回收再利用

Environmental Biochemistry of Bye Stuff and Paper Industry

鍾延春(Yan-Chun Chung) ； 許嘉彰(C.C. Hsu) ； 王信易(S.Y. Wang)

《華岡工程學報》 10期 (1996/03) Pp. 19-46

https://doi.org/10.29987/CCUHKJE.199603.0002

摘要

難生物分解性廢水是指高污染性之工業廢水如染料工業、造紙工業等製程廢水（處理範圍由5,000~20,000 ppm之COD處理至放流水排放標準）；回收再利用則是高排放品質之廢水處理，如製程白水回收（處理至COD小於15ppm）。對於難生物分解廢水與回收再利用之生物處理技術本文列舉染料工業廢水、造紙工業之舊報紙回製新聞紙漿(ONP)脫墨廢水、及絕綠紙抄紙白水回收等，應用實驗的方法，以Arthur自動化微生物活性與分解反應速率監控儀實際進行試驗，並根據試驗結果引以爲範例。藉由試驗圖形的判讀了解不同的染料廢水在處理上因應之處理情形、最佳操作參數、反應處理停留時間、生物可分解性與毒性物質對微生物的抑制性等。染料工業之污染來源主要包含化學反應不完金之廢料、化學反應的副產品、重油燃燒廢氣、物料洩漏等，其中不純物料及副產品常排入廢水處理系統造成處理上的重重困難。製漿、造紙工業爲一消耗能源且高污染性之工業，在整個製漿造紙程序中有多種污染源產生，如黑液、白水及綠液等。因爲其廢水中所含之有機負載高，常對環境造成嚴重之影響且廢紙再利用程序中的脫墨等單元又增加廢水處理龐大的負擔。由於環保的限制及水資源的銳減，造紙工業必須採行白水回收再利用以達成減廢及開發水源的目的。絕綠紙製程屬精密工業需控制於潔淨環境下，回收白水之水質要求極高，對傳統生物處理系統是一大挑戰。本文著眼於強調高污染對廢水生物處理系統的不利影響、減廢與回收再利用的雙贏原則、以及難生物分解廢水與回收再利用在生物處理上的範例與最適化處理流程。最後，則以流程圖簡明概述難生物分解廢水最適化處理流程－二階段活性碳泥法，以供學、業界參考。

關鍵字

生物處理 ； Arthur儀器 ； 活性碳泥 ； 處理停留時間 ； 回收再利用

並列摘要

Wastewater discharges coming from the dye stuff and paper industry contain a multitude of difficult biodegradable compounds. The wastewater can be characterized as a highly variable, highly colored wastewater. A biological wastewater treatment plant uses a natural biological process-metabolism, to destroy waste organic matter. The most important parameter in the Arthur Operation Strategy is ”treatment time”. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the treatability-toxicity of the dye stuff and paper wastewater by using the Arthur Instrument. This work points out that changes in degrees of treatability, due to changes in substance of samples, were shown by developing reaction rate and oxygen volume consumption graphs. These graphs were developed from the data obtained from a series of tests at various samples to activated sludge. In this research the important point was that the toxins were tested using the mixed liquor from dye stuff and paper industry giving us a direct indication of the toxic effect and an actual measurement of the treatment time. Based entirety on biological measurements, we have an actual message of the length of time it takes for the microbes in dye stuff and paper industry to treat the waste coming into aeration basin. Finally, this paper shows that the best treatment process for dye stuff and paper industry is two-stage activated carbon sludge process.

並列關鍵字

Arthur Instrument ； Reaction Rate ； Microbe ； Biodegradable ； Activated Carbon Sludge ； Treatment Time ； Dye Stuff