泰雅語中有關讚美語言行爲的“面子”問題

The "Face" Problem Relating to Compliments in Atayal

林寬明(Kuan-Ming Lin)

《教育暨外國語文學報》 1期 (2005/06) Pp. 161-183

https://doi.org/10.6372/JEFLL.200506.0161

摘要

學者普遍認爲讚美的語言行爲與其文化間有相當的關係。台灣近年來關於讚美及讚美回應的研究大都是以國語族群爲對象，鮮少有以原住民族群爲主的分析與探討。讚美的主題對受話者所造成的“負擔量”(Imposition)會因不同的語言文化而異。本文旨在探討泰雅族人與平地漢人對於讚美主題的“適當與否”的反應，藉以比對各種主題在二者文化中的比重及“負擔量”，並進而瞭解此二者對於讚美有無不同的回應方式。本研究預設了若干讚美的主題，向二組受試者：泰雅族人與平地漢人，以問卷方式調查之。資料顯示，就讚美的適當與否而言，泰雅人比平地人較不喜歡別人的讚美，而泰雅男人尤其排斥對於家中女眷外表方面的主題；對二組而言，最能接受的是與自身無關的主題。以整體的接受度而言，平地人高於泰雅人，這顯示平地人多遵行Leech的“禮貌原則”(Politeness Principle)理論框架中的“同意信條”而泰雅人則多遵行“謙虛信條”。本研究的結果顯示讚美的語言行爲之於泰雅文化，相較於平地漢人文化，是一種較高程度的“面子威脅行爲”(FTA)，這種因文化不同的語言差異也提醒我們語言的學習無法脫離文化的框架。

關鍵字

讚美 ； 讚美回應 ； 泰雅族 ； 禮貌原則 ； 面子威脅

並列摘要

It is generally believed that the speech act of compliment has much to do with its correlated culture. Recently in Taiwan most studies on compliments or compliment responses largely concentrate on Mandarin; and little, if any, research has attempted to focus on aboriginals. The topics of compliments cause varied amount of ”imposition” on the addressee's part in terms of different language and culture background. The purpose of this research is to examine the identification of ”appropriateness” on certain complimentary topics in Atayal and Taiwanese cultures, thus to compare the amount of imposition between the two different cultures, and accordingly to observe the preferential responses to compliments in both. In this study, two main groups of subjects, the Atayal and the Mandarin-speaking Taiwanese, including subgroups of equal numbers of males and females, are inquired with a questionnaire consisting of certain preset complimentary topics. Collected data show that to the degree of appropriateness, the Atayal welcome less compliments from others than the Taiwanese, and the Atayal men especially dislike topics concerning the appearance and figure of their female families; non-personal topics are the most appropriate for both groups. To the degree of acceptability, the Taiwanese accept more than the Atayal, implying that the Taiwanese tend to practice the ”Agreement Maxim,” and the Atayal the ”Modesty Maxim” in the theoretical frame of Leech's ”Politeness Principle.” The result of the study reveals the fact that the speech act of compliment in Atayal culture performs more at a higher degree of FTA (Face Threatening Act) than it does in Taiwanese culture. The culture-dependently linguistic diversity also implies the inevitability of cultural frame in language learning.

並列關鍵字

compliment ； compliment response ； Atayal ； politeness ； FTA

參考文獻

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