幼兒運動遊戲對於身心發展之探討

The Influence of Physical Activity Physical Activity and Psychological Development to the Children's Sport Games

李聖威 ； 林佳蒨 ； 李謀監

《幼兒運動遊戲年刊》 6期 (2012/01) Pp. 226-231

https://doi.org/10.29762/YEYDYSNK.201201.0032

摘要

由於傳統生育觀念改變，少子化現象漸趨明顯，使得幼兒的身心發展，逐漸被重視。幼兒時期所接觸的外在誘因日益增多，如電視或電腦遊戲等，這些外在誘因會導致幼兒的身體活動與心理發展過於遲緩與偏差，故目的為探討幼兒運動遊戲對於身心發展有何影響。本研究利用遊戲為方法來從事身體活動並參考國內、外文獻，暸解幼兒體能與成人體育最大不同在於幼兒的身體活動主要以遊戲為主軸。遊戲是自然存在幼兒生活中，屬及自發性身體活動。幼兒在遊戲中透過幻想及創造的方式從中獲得快樂且一再重覆、樂此不疲，其類型可分為功能性、象徵性、建構性及規則性四種，隨著年齡增長，模式又可分為無所事事、旁觀、單獨、平行、連合、團體及合作競爭等，讓幼兒在不同的情境中，啟發自我想像及創造力並藉由與他人互動學習社會化、擴充生活經驗之身心發展。在遊戲進行中，幼兒亦可藉由遊戲充分活動身體、提升動作技能表現，透過遊戲的方式及適時引導更可以幫助幼兒在活動過程中得到全方位的均衡發展。藉由本研究幼兒運動遊戲對於幼兒的身體活動與心理之發展有良好均衡發展，提供未來作為從事幼教工作相關人員之參考依據。

關鍵字

幼兒運動 ； 身心發展 ； 遊戲

並列摘要

Due to the change of the traditional conception of giving birth, birth rates are on the decrease, which leads to the emphasizing of children's development of the body and mind. During infancy, external inducements such as television and computer games the children encounters increases day by day. These inducements may cause inert and aberrant physical activity and psychological development. Therefore the goal is to discuss the influence of physical activity to the children. This research uses games as a method in addition to internal and overseas reference materials, leading to the conclusion that the major difference in physical activity between children and adult is that the children's physical activity is mainly playing. Playing naturally exists in children and is a spontaneous body movement. When children play, they repeatedly use their imagination and creativity to achieve happiness. Types can be divided into functional, constructive, symbolic, and regulative. As the infant ages, patterns can be categorized into idling, on looking, single-handed, parallel, united, organized, cooperating, and competitive. Playing allows the edification of the children's imagination and creativity in different circumstances, and also learning to socialize and to gain experience of the development of the body and mind through the interacting of others. When playing, the infant can activate his or her body and improve the performance of motor skills. Using games in addition to timely guidance may also assist the child to achieve Omni-bearing, balanced development. The researching of this project may provide reference for personnel working in related areas as it provides a conclusion that playing may bring balanced development to the body and mind of the child.

並列關鍵字

Children sports ； physical and psychological development ； game